HUSITA8

ABSTRACTS

PARALLEL SESSION 1

1 – a.: Social work in a digital society

Ms. Jackie Rafferty, Director

Centre for Human Service Technology/SWAP, University of Southampton, U.K.

Dr. Jan Steyaert, Adjunct Professor

Centre for Human Service Technology, University of Southampton, U.K.

Summary: In this presentation we aim to outline some of the major issues when thinking about the digital society from a professional social work perspective. Starting from the position of individuals or households we will discuss three issues: the digital divide (which can sometimes be a bridge), digital literacy and the new information environment.

Abstract: We are living in a digital society which has significantly changed the information landscape affecting every aspect of our lives. The current wave of technological innovation is part of the context in which social work students, practitioners and service users and carers operate. The technology can improve the quality of our lives and learning and is a potential enrichment for social work practice but that depends on our active involvement and will not happen without social workers moulding technology developments and uses to their own and service users’ needs. However, the technology can also pose some challenges and dangers.

In this presentation we aim to outline some of the major issues when thinking about the digital society from a professional social work perspective. Starting from the position of individuals or households, three issues emerge:

• the digital divide (which can sometimes be a bridge);
• digital literacy;
• the new information environment

That environment is also part of the new meeting place between service users and social workers and will mean changes in social work practice, as well as in the skill set social workers require. We will end by outlining an extra digital skill social workers need, which can be labeled ‘innovation-through-resistance’.

1 – b.: Internet and Social Trust: Implications for Human Services

Prof. Dhrubodhi Mukherjee, Assistant Professor

Southern Illinois University Carbondale, U.S.A.

Summary: Social trust is an important element in developing prospective Internet based human services catering to diverse population. The study conducts a secondary data analysis using data from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey to evaluate this relationship between social trust and Internet communication in the context of human service delivery.

Abstract: The study argues that the Internet is an interactive medium that connects people and has the potential to play a constructive role in building generalized social trust. Social trust is an important element in developing prospective Internet based human services catering to diverse population. However, literature on Internet and social trust is not unequivocal in that verdict and derides Internet as yet another new media that undermines conventional in person interaction essential for development of social trust.

The study conducts a secondary data analysis using data from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS, 2001). The survey comprises of national sample of 3000 respondents and community-based sample of 26,700 respondents. Social trust is measured by five distinct components that indicate existence of social trust in diverse environments. Stepwise multiple regression models indicated positive relationship between social trust index developed for this study and the Internet participation variables that include both access to the Internet and participation measures.

Of the three Internet related variables, Internet access proved to be highly significant (p<.0001) suggesting that subjects without Internet access demonstrate lower social trust than subjects with Internet access, furthermore subjects who spent more time on the Internet would experience decrease in social trust, this finding fits well with the bivariate analysis outcomes where five to ten hours of Internet time was identified as optimum for positive score on social trust index while more than fifteen hours on Internet use had negative impact. Online discussion had a negative effect on social trust; this finding was an unexpected element in this model. The implication of the findings to human service professionals working in potentially diverse environments, catering to clients farther from their location connected through the Internet, has been discussed in the paper.

Key words: Internet, Social Trust, Human Services, Diversity, Social Capital

1 – c.: Technologies of Care or rather Care of Technologies?

Mr. Thomas Ley, Research Fellow

Dr. Udo Seelmeyer, Scientific Assistant

Bielefeld University, Germany

Summary: Social Work is affected by the difference of front-line case-work and a management perspective. Each side adresses different requirements and expactations on the usage of IT. Our general question is, how structures, functions and contents of case-management-software influence the ambivalent relation between case-work an management.

Abstract: Social Work is affected by the difference of front-line case-work on the one hand and a management perspective on the other hand. Each side adresses different requirements and expactations on the usage of IT. Our general question is, how structures, functions and contents of case-management-software influence the ambivalent relation between case-work and management.

To represent ‘reality’ in software, information about clients and interactions has to be transformed into a new formalized order. Focussing on this topic of formalization several authors are arguing that a new managerialism is shaping social work in its foundations: it is characterized by a tickbox culture, the dominance of standardized assessment tools (in contradiction to a traditional, holistic face-to-face communication), and last but not least the technological fix on software tools. If we follow this reasoning, the bundle of these “technologies of care” will lead to a de-professionalization of social work.

Reframing this discussion and according to current results from organisational research there are however at least two types of formalization: enabling and coercive formalization. If we adapt this heuristic for software in social work, a deterministic view on software can be handled; nevertheless the empirical evidence of a “supporting professionalization” from software in social work is still lacking.

Within the presentation we want to illustrate both sides of formalization by an empirical view on case-management-software (in the field of youth welfare) which provides decision corridors for supporting diagnosis and assessment, planning and documentation of interventions and evaluation of achievements for the front-line-practitioner and which generates in the same way aggregated data for the supervision and controlling by the management of social services.

2 – a.: Carol Gladwell

Kids Help Phone

2 – b.: Robyn MacEachen

Ontario Provincial Police

2 – c.: Keeping Up: Adapting Child Internet Safety Strategies to Changes in Technology

Prof. Robert MacFadden, Professor

Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Canada

Summary: This presentation identifies several safety strategies for children and youth using the Internet and explores the implications of new changes in technology on these recommended strategies. The importance of a child protection safety assessment before these products are fully developed and marketed is emphasized.

Abstract: The rapid integration of information and communications technologies (ICT) into society offers considerable benefits and significant risks and has been termed a “double edged sword” (Spence-Diehl, 2003). Child victimization through the use of ICTs is increasing as perpetrators explore the possibilities of these new innovations.

This paper will explore several of the commonly prescribed strategies for keeping children and youth safe from Internet predators and examine these strategies from the perspective of current and future changes in technology. An example is how advancing mobile phone technology will become the most common access portal to the Internet and how many safety strategies have been developed for non-mobile situations such as the positioning of the computer within a common area of the house and monitoring children’s use directly. New safety strategies that relate to the capabilities of these technologies will have to be developed.

It is essential to be foreword looking and to examine new services and technologies in advance of their widespread use. Like an early marketing assessment, these child protection safety assessments of new products and services are needed to minimize dangers to children and youth. Recently (2007) the youth oriented online community MySpace was sued by parents of a girl who was abused by someone she met online on MySpace. The parents argued that MySpace should have implemented basic safety measures to prevent sexual predators from communicating with minors on their site. Although the judge ruled that it was the duty of the parents and not MySpace to protect their daughter, the suit suggests that consumers and parents are looking for ways to hold ICT companies more accountable for what happens to people and especially children as a result of these new technologies.

Spence-Diehl, E. (2003). Stalking and technology: The double-edged sword. Journal of Technology in Human Services. Vol.22, No. ½, p. 5-18.

3 – a.: Promoting Access to, Engagement with, and Efficacy of the Treatment of Mental Health and Addiction Problems with Web-Based Disease Management Programs

Dr. Peter Farvolden, Clinic Head, Work, Stress and Health Program

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto

Mental health and addictions problems are common problems that result in enormous personal suffering, as well as enormous economic and societal costs. There are well-researched effective evidence-based treatments for most common problems. However, there are a number of barriers to access, engagement and effectiveness for most people including language, culture, geography and lack of specialized services. Web-Based disease management programs provide an opportunity for the wide availability of evidence-based protocols and treatments. A number of controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy of Web-based self-help approaches for a variety of problems. However, there remain significant barriers to access and engagement. This presentation will summarize these issues and propose strategies for maximizing access, engagement and efficacy using as examples data from freely available Web-Based self help programs for panic disorder, depression, smoking cessation and problem drinking.

3 – b.: Process is Queen?: How to create distributed educational media

Dr. Michael Wright. Assistant Professor

Ms. Clarisa Perochena, MSW Student

Andrews University, U.S.A.

Mrs. Taunya Wright, Registered Nurse, BSN

MAWMedia Group, U.S.A.

Summary: Content is king in media production, but process is also important. This paper introduces a method to guide production of distributed educational media projects. Specific examples are provided related to content development, production process, and project management based on real university and community education projects that implemented the method.

Abstract: Production of an distributed educational media project (e.g. a CDROM or website) can be a daunting task. In addition to the work of compiling credible content from subject matter experts and research team members, the technological challenge is to engage users in an experience that provides fun and facilitates learning. This paper proposes a method for accomplishing the laundry list above. Key features of the technique include modular lessons, interactivity, animation, and narration.

The paper discusses the challenges inherent in a technological project. Namely, getting subject matter experts to have enough comfort with the technology in order to write content that takes advantage of the capabilities of the medium. The method we describe frees the subject matter expert to write in the context of the question, “What would be the best way to communicate this content?” In this way, the content gains levels of potential engagement from the start. Technology is then used to achieve the vision rather than to just communicate the content.

The method we describe also presupposes Competency-based Education and Training (CBET). CBET means that learning objectives, the progression of lessons, assessments, and technological features all work together linearly for each lesson. Modular lesson develop means that individual lessons can be viewed out of order. This is not only a way to maintain learner interest, but it solves an important challenge in distributed education media development, updating lessons.

Examples, reflections, and the method are presented based on actual projects completed 2006 & 2007.

3 – c.: Surveying Distance Education Efforts at Schools of Social Work

Mr. Eric Youn, Assistant Professor-Distance Education Program

Dr. Marshall Smith, Professor

University of Hawaii at Manoa, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation focuses on the results of a survey of all CSWE accredited programs (at all levels: BSW, MSW & PhD) on the extent of their distance education efforts

Abstract: As distance education techniques become more and more prevalent within the various fields of academia, it becomes of greater and greater importance to track use and prevalence in order to help better determine trends in techniques, effectiveness, and best practices. Social Work as an academic field has also seen growth in distance education.

In an attempt to help foster this expansion of knowledge, this presentation details the preliminary results of a CSWE survey of all accredited programs (at BSW & MSW levels) on the extent of their distance education efforts and future plans. It also details attempts to attain a secondary set of data that builds on issues derived from the survey results.

POSTER SESSIONS

102: Factors that Predict Hypertechnology Acceptance and Use Among Human Service Workers

Dr. Larry Kreuger, Professor

School of Social Work, University of Missouri, U.S.A.

Dr. John Stretch, Professor

Saint Louis University, U.S.A.

Summary: Discussed are policy and practice implications from this field study (n=91) of factors that predict technology acceptance and use in a profession that traditionally relies heavily upon face to face (non-computer mediated) interaction.

Abstract: Reports on the amount of use and satisfaction of various types of electronic hypertechnology in the human services range from a high of nearly everyone in agency settings reporting some amount of use and satisfaction, Gandy and Tepperman (1990), to a low of just one or a few key technology specialists whom everyone else depends on, (Stretch & Kreuger 2005).

In the current mailed survey sample (n=91 out of 200 randomly selected MSWs), twenty eight percent felt technology reduced their personal discretion, eighty eight percent felt electronic technology (all manner of computers and peripherals, email, phones and pagers, etc.) improved the delivery of services, a little less than half of those responding (49%) felt technology forced artificial categories onto clinicians. Ninety seven percent felt technology improved organization efficiency, 83% felt it did not dehumanize clients, 55% felt it threatened privacy, 53% felt it threatened client confidentiality, and 84% felt it did not jeopardize client dignity. Our composite measure of the global acceptance of hypertechnology was correlated with the availability of equipment at the office (r=.252, p <.05), those with more equipment reported more positive overall attitude, those with more equipment available also reported more agency use...as might be expected (r=.575, p<.01), but home use was uncorrelated with any other variable in this data set.

Discussed are policy and practice implications from this field study of factors that predict technology acceptance and use in a profession that traditionally relies heavily upon face to face (non-computer mediated) interaction.

103: A Social Work Wiki? Increasing the Evidence Base AND Engaging Practitioners in the Production of Research

Dr. Harriet Meek, Assistant Professor

New Mexico State University, U.S.A.

SubTheme: Creating a compendium of partially conceptualized social work practices at a lower level of evidence than the RCT

Summary: The creation of a compendium of social work practices is proposed, similar to the Wikipedia, where partially conceptualized conventions can be compiled and made available, allowing conceptualization to increase and the information gained can gradually move up the evidence hierarchy. Come join an exploration and problem solving around this idea!

Abstract: Most of us agree the evidence base for social work practice needs to be increased, but many researchers seem to think only of the level of the randomized controlled trial (RCT). Practitioners complain much of the published research is of little help to them. Almost no one talks about the lower levels of the evidence taxonomy; observations, accepted practice, expert opinion, etc. Yet, practitioners often operate at this lower level of evidence, depending on their own accumulated experience and that of people they trust, along with their own observations of the immediate situation. The questions emerging at this level are often not studied at the higher levels, in part because of difficulty in conceptualization.

Can some of these problems be solved, perhaps also helping to heal the rift between practice and research, practice and academia? Can practitioners be engaged in collecting expert opinion, careful observations, expert practice, etc. for questions that concern them? This would help keep research related to the actual work of practitioners. Themes could be identified, in some cases allowing sufficient conceptualization for study at the RCT level while for others, further work might be needed for adequate definition. Could all this be compiled in a format much like the popular Wikipedia, available to researchers and practitioners alike?

The author will present her ideas on this subject, including one study of this type she has carried out. She will then engage the audience in a working discussion on how such a project might be accomplished, what software and organizational structures might be useful, and how to solve other difficulties that will emerge, hoping to locate others who find this an interesting and useful idea.

104: Knowledge Management with Web 2.0 applications in Human services

Prof. Klaus Bredl, Professor

University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Germany

Summary: The need for Knowledge Management (KM) in Human Services is relatively new. This is an area which is growing parallely to the transformation of health care organisations into efficiently managed enterprises. New web-based services which came up with the so called “Web 2.0” enable new possibilities of implementing KM-strategies.

Abstract: The sector of Human Services is characterized by knowledge intensive work places. The diverse duties of help and counseling in the Social Work require appropriate actual knowledge. Thus, the issue emerges how to provide the social worker with the right knowledge. On the one hand, concerning the strategy of codification of knowledge, it is necessary to conceptualize and develop instruments to support the identification, the storage and the access to codified knowledge. On the other hand, one has to reflect about the personalization in the sense of the distribution of knowledge and the cooperation between experts in the field of social work. New second generation web-based services often developed as “Open Source” as a part of the so called “Web 2.0” allow new forms of handling knowledge.

In the field of codification of human service-oriented knowledge some own projects showing the use of Open Source applications will be presented: The Wiki “Socialpedia” aiming at the building of a knowledge platform for practitioners in Social Work and the introduction of a Knowledge Management System in a job center.

Finally, an approach for the combination of Open source based Knowledge Management Instruments which supports both strategies -codification and personalization of knowledge- will be demonstrated.

A brief outlook on research on the implications of Web 3.0 for the Human Services will round off this contribution.

PARALLEL SESSION 2

4 – a: Integrating Different Information Systems: Lessons Learned

Prof. Dale Fitch, Assistant Professor

University of Michigan, U.S.A.

Summary: Methodological considerations in the design of two interorganizational systems that integrate disparate human services information systems are presented. One involves an online, hosted database system that facilitates electronic referrals and interagency case management. The other project integrates a structured information and referral database with an agency wiki.

Abstract: The projects discussed in this paper illustrate two different models for interorganizational systems (IOS) that integrate dissimilar human services information systems. The methodology employed knowledge sharing and participative decision-making (Chi & Holsapple), strategic planning and visioning (Volkoff, et al), augmented by discussion on governance structures (Bardach, 2001). The technology was the primary mechanism to facilitate interorganizational processes since these agencies were not part of a formal collaboration. Key in developing this methodology was an adaptation of the requirements analysis process using tools developed by Beer (1985), van Gigch (1991), Midgley (2000), and Checkland (2001). Only after all the process flows and organizational constraints were fully described were we able to identify the design for the IOSs.

One application is a Shared Point of Access (SPA) between a group of non-profit agencies providing services to senior citizens to facilitate interagency case management. The second project involved a collaboration between a mental health agency that needed a better way to organize information about community resources and a regional information and referral center (2-1-1) that had this information in a database. The application employed to facilitate this integration was a wiki (similar to Wikipedia). The end result is an IOS that facilitates organizational memory (Feldman & Feldman, 2006) combined with the highly efficient information management capabilities of the 2-1-1 database. In sum, these two applications illustrate the struggle in integrating different human services information systems.

4 – b.: Technologies Empowering Ontario’s Child Welfare System

Jeanette Lewis, Executive Director

Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies, Canada

Mr. Ronan Rooney, Chief Technology Officer & Co-founder

Curam Software, Canada

Summary: Driven to better serve the children of Ontario, the Ontario Association of Children’s Aid Societies (OACAS) decided to merge its 10 disparate databases into an integrated child welfare management system.

This presentation examines OACAS’ decision to implement an integrated system and provides an overview of the program’s successes and challenges.

Abstract: The Ontario Association of Children’s Aid Societies (OACAS) plays a vital role in countless childrens’ lives – providing child welfare support services to the most vulnerable Ontarians. OACAS serves Children’s Aid Societies (CAS) by promoting child welfare issues, liaising with government leaders, assuring quality in child welfare practices, and providing training for all of Ontario’s child protection workers. CAS’ nearly 8,000 employees conduct over 82,000 child welfare investigations annually.

Keeping track of every investigation represents a high priority for OACAS and its member societies. Previously, the organization utilized 10 separate databases to track every child welfare case under its purview, a time-consuming and burdensome approach. Driven to better serve the children of Ontario, OACAS decided to implement the Single Information System, an integrated child welfare management system. Funding for a pilot study is being provided by the Ministry of Finance and development and integration services are being provided by IBM.

To make the Single Information System a reality, OACAS looked to solutions provided by Ireland-based Cúram Software. Cúram Software, from the Gaelic word for “care and protection,” helps human services organizations provide better services quickly. Cúram Software uses social enterprise management (SEM), a new category of enterprise software, to streamline and modernize legacy database and eligibility systems.

This presentation, co-presented by Jeanette Lewis, executive director of OACAS and Ronan Rooney, CTO and co-founder of Cúram Software, examines OACAS’ decision to implement an integrated system and provides an overview of the program’s successes and challenges to date. The presentation will take a “lessons learned” approach and instruct conference attendees on topics to consider when overhauling a mission-critical system, such as how to chose a solution that fits their organization’s budget, how to leverage technology for maximum results, and how to approach a major technology overhaul in a child welfare/social services setting.

4 – c.: Target your computer system implementation efforts for maximum effect: Results from four human services

Dr. Menachem Monnickendam, Senior Lecturer

School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Israel

Prof. Riki Savaya, Associate Professor

Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel

Summary: This paper presents the results of a study conducted in two types of human service organizations in Israel. The study aimed at identifying the most salient factors affecting user satisfaction with computer systems. A discussion of the implications of these findings for human service management concludes the paper.

Abstract: Implementing a new client system in a human service is expensive, time consuming and requires significant organizational resources. Given these costs, it is imperative for human service managers to concentrate their system implementation related efforts in areas providing the largest return in terms of end-user satisfaction.

End-user satisfaction is affected by: organizational support during system development and implementation, attributes of the development and implementation process, and system usefulness. Research encompassing all three groups of variables in order to assess their relative effect on end-user satisfaction in human service organizations is lacking.

Organizational support during and after implementation refers to the normative environment suitable for and supportive of change, thus contributing to the willingness of workers to adopt to the system. Attributes of the implementation process refer to the design of a process that allows for user involvement, and training. System usefulness refers to the match between the system and the daily work routine.

Research to assess the relative effect of these groups of variables, on end-user satisfaction was conducted in four human service organizations in Israel, two of which had introduced management oriented systems while the other two had introduced client oriented systems (N=517 social workers).

Results indicate that technical support, importance to management, training, and system usefulness explain 58% of the variance in end-user satisfaction. Social work education should familiarize human services managers with the salient factors affecting computer system implementation in human services.

5 – a.: The Road to Hana: Going the Distance to Deliver Social Work Education to Remote, Underserved and Culturally Diverse Populations

Dr. Ann Rosegrant Alvarez, Director of Distance Education

Dr. Marshall Smith, Program Coordinator, Distance Education

University of Hawai'i at Manoa, U.S.A.

Summary: Traveling “The Road to Hana,” a distance education team delivers an MSW degree program to underserved and remote populations, including Native Hawaiians. Presenters identify challenges and strategies in working across cultures, distance and geographic barriers, and articulate specific efforts—including the use of technology—to respect and reflect regional and local culture.

Abstract: Until this year, access to the MSW degree was very limited for many Hawaiians who are most committed to their communities. In turn, this contributed to a shortage of human service programs and practitioners, and exacerbated social problems experienced disproportionately by native Hawaiians and descendants of early immigrant groups. A distance education team is now delivering an MSW degree program reaching underserved and remote populations, including Native Hawaiians. Presenters identify challenges and strategies in working across cultures, distance and geographic barriers, and articulate specific efforts—including the use of technology—to respect and reflect regional and local culture.

The authors use the shared experience of a trip traveling “The Road to Hana” as a metaphor to describe the distance education approach developed to make the MSW degree program available to those who have been underserved due to their remote location and other factors. The process included visits to educational entities and human service agencies on all neighbor islands at two key points in the timeline; the early development of an extensive e-mail distribution list across all islands; intensive advocacy efforts with the state legislature; use of consultants who served as key cultural anchors and liaisons; and the incorporation of local cultural focus and content into every aspect of the program, including the orientation of faculty, staff and students; design of individual courses and the overall curricular approach; and the development of field practicum sites.

This paper adds to the sparse but growing literature that considers the intersection of technology and culture (Hick, 2002; Wong & Schoech, 2005), and the specific issues of working effectively with indigenous populations (Berman, 2006; Rice-Green & Dumbrill, 2005)). It also contributes to discussions on the potential of distance education for developing learning communities among isolated populations (Neuman, 2006), and for strengthening connections among community agencies (McFall & Freddolino, 2000).

5 – b.: Dr. David Topps, Northern Ontario School of Medicine

Abstract – to be inserted

5 – c.: Determining a Baseline for Needed Services as part of a Social Work Distance Education Option for the Hawaiian Islands

Mr. Eric Youn, Assistant Professor-Distance Education Program

Dr. Marshall Smith, Professor

University of Hawaii at Manoa, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation focuses on the use of GIS Technologies in an attempt to create a baseline analysis to be used to determine needed services of a Social Work Distance Education Option for the Hawaiian Islands.

Abstract: As social services are being offered to more and more disparate and hard to reach populations, there is a natural need and effort for development of social work and human service educational programs to accompany this trend. One major step in this process is to create a baseline “snapshot” of current social services and social work education available for these populations. GIS technologies can be a powerful tool in this type of analysis.

This presentation details how GIS technologies in combination with other resources were utilized in creating a baseline “snapshot” of current services and educational opportunities available for residents of the Hawaiian Islands as part of the University of Hawaii at Manoa Social Work Distance Education Option. It was assumed that these snapshots could be compared to future “snapshots” in order to help critique and determine the effect of the Social Work Distance Education Option. GIS technologies could be utilized to help illustrate changes in the social service landscape due to the existence of the Social Work Distance Education Option.

6 – a.: Linking Elderly to Holistic Care Services through Integrated Communication Technology

Mr. Timothy Ma, Executive Director

Senior Citizen Home Safety Association, Hong Kong

Summary: The abstract is about how the elderly living in the community is linked through an advanced information and communication system by the Personal Emergency Link Service of the Senior Citizen Home Safety Association in Hong Kong. Holistic services are rendered to the elderly under the cold metal surface of the system.

Abstract: Through a Personal Emergency Link system, the Senior Citizen Home Safety Association has been rendering 24 hours care to more than 50,000 service users, who are mostly vulnerable elders and chronic invalids living alone or living with their elderly spouses / carers only.

The service operates through an integrated communication technology, which enables a 2-way communications between the elderly and the call centre operators. Whenever the service users require assistance, they can simply press the remote trigger and communicate with the 24 hour call centre. Operators would then be able to identify their needs and provide timely assistance according to the prior agreed plan, such as calling their relatives or sending them to the AED of hospitals.

As a fee-charged service, users are required to pay for the equipment and service per month. Yet, those with financial difficulties could be subsidized by funding bodies or donations collected from funding raising activities.

Commenced in 1^st Sept, 1996, it took about 3 months to prepare for the operation of service. SCHSA has been working with the manufacturer for improving the reliability and functions of hardware over the years. The association has also tried every means to prevent failure of the system such as using the self-test function of the hardware, performing annual hardware checking at users’ homes, providing back-up power to call centre, and using separate server, etc.

After 10 years of development, the service has evolved from an emergency link into a holistic personal care service. Apart from emergency assistance, counselling service, friendly visits by volunteers and care management for in-home support services are rendered to the seniors. In the near future, emergency assistance in outdoor environment with location tracking and Tele-health advice service operated by professional nurses are planned to render. Under the cold metal surface of the PE Link system, lots of human touches are rendered to the needy by means of different technology applications.

Summary of abstract: The abstract is about how the elderly living in the community is linked through an advanced information and communication system by the Personal Emergency Link Service of the Senior Citizen Home Safety Association in Hong Kong. Holistic services are rendered to the elderly under the cold metal surface of the system.

6 – b.: The impact of access to personal computer at home on the children’s learning capacity, civic participation, social relationship and parent-child relationship.

Dr. Chi-kwong Law, Associate Professor

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Summary: The impact of access to personal computer on the children’s learning capacity, civic participation, social relationship and parent-child relationship moderating by the demand & support from school in using ICT education, parents’ education level, computer literacy, support, and aspiration towards children and other demographic variables was examined.

Abstract: In January 2007, a survey on about 1,200 children of low-income families and one of their parents was conducted prior to their receipt of a recycled personal computer. The study aimed at identifying the impact of access to home computer on the learning capacity, civic participation, social relationship, and parent-child relationship, either moderating or mediating by other variables such as demand & support from school in using ICT education, parents’ education level, computer literacy, supports from parents, other demographic variables, aspiration of parents towards students, background of school, and types and frequency of computer usage. A comparison random sample of 980 students in the general population was also obtained. As 70% of households in Hong Kong had personal computer, we would expect the majority of this comparison sample would have PC at the time of the survey. While this study will conduct follow up surveys at intervals of half year for a period of one year, this paper dealt with the initial differences between the two samples and the moderating effects of the various factors on the dependent variables.

6 – c.: Perpetuating old exclusions and producing new ones – digital exclusions in information society

Dr. Yu-Cheung Wong, Assistant Professor

Dr. Chi-Kwong Law, Associate Professor

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Dr. Yat-Chu, John Fung, Director

ITRC, HKCSS, Hong Kong

Dr. Chi-yee, Jolie Lam, Research Assistant

The Unviersity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Summary: This paper describes a digital inclusion index measuring digital divide between disadvantaged groups and the mainstream society in Hong Kong. The index captures information about access, knowledge, usage and affordability in information communication technology and the findings depict the degree of digital inclusion/

exclusions across various disadvantaged groups.

Abstract: This paper presents a study which measures the degree of digital exclusion – or conversely, the degree of digital inclusion in a developed city in East Asia. Governments in the region are among the most active actors in the developed world in pushing its society ahead in developing knowledge economy and information society. The major concern is to improve/maintain their competitiveness in the new knowledge economy created by the process of globalization and the advancement in information technology. Many countries in the region have established themselves in the top ranks of a number of indexes and measurements comparing digital readiness, digital access, ICT penetration, etc. However, not all the citizens in the regions share the benefits and promises of the information society. People of the traditionally disadvantaged groups in the society, such as the elderly, low income groups are in the process of further excluded from the information society. Such exclusion affects other social groups as well. This study creates a new digital inclusion index to measures the degree of inclusion of various disadvantaged groups in the information society. Data regarding seven disadvantage groups, such as elderly, persons with disabilities, housewives, children in low income households, etc. were collected through household survey (N= 2312). The index captures information about access, knowledge, usage and affordability in information communication technology of the disadvantaged in comparison with the mainstream society (N= 756).

PARALLEL SESSION 3

7 – a.: A first look at persuasive technologies in the human services

Prof. Walter LaMendola, Director of Technology

University of Denver, U.S.A.

Judy Krysik, Associate Professor

Arizona State University, U.S.A.

Summary: Persuasive technologies are interactive technologies used to motivate, change behavior or attitudes, or increase compliance. Examples of human service applications that incorporate persuasive technologies as modalities for influencing behavior, dealing with intervention barriers, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes are examined. The paper examines current ethical guidelines in these areas.

Abstract: Persuasive technologies are interactive technologies that are used to motivate, change behavior or attitudes, or increase compliance. The study of the intersection of computing, communication services, and human persuasion is part of a developing field of knowledge called captology. Captology theory and methods are interdisciplinary. No single method or theory “...captures the persuasive possibilities of interactive technologies” (Fogg, Lee, and Marshall, 2002). The authors examine the emerging field of human service captology in terms of human service applications that incorporate the Internet and Web services as new modalities for influencing behavior, dealing with barriers to delivering interventions as intended, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. A framework developed by Fogg (1999, 2002)called the Functional Triad begins by classifying computer functions in three areas: as tools, as media, and as social actors. (Examples of at least one type of application from each functional area will be included)

Computers as Persuasive Tools – intended to increase capabilities and change mental models

1. applications that increase self efficacy,

2. provide tailored information,

3. trigger decision-making,

4. simplify or guide people through a process.

Computers as Persuasive Media – intended to provide experiences that provide first hand learning, insight, visualization and resolve, understanding of cause and effect, and that motivate through a combination of experience and sensation

1. applications that simulate cause and effect,

2. simulate environments,

3. simulate objects.

Computers as Persuasive Social Actors – intended to create relationships

1. applications that provide social support or sanctions,

2. model attitudes and behaviors,

3. leverage social rules and dynamics.

Credibility is an underlying theme, is a topic that has been widely studied, and has multiple dimensions (Self, 1996; Buller and Burgoon, 1996). Important dimensions of credibility for the human services are trustworthiness and expertise. The paper summarizes the meta-review by examining current ethical guidelines in these areas.

7 – b.: Addictionlink and other ICT Tools in Addictions Prevention and Treatment in Finland

Mr. Teuvo Peltoniemi, Director of Information Department

A-Clinic Foundation, Finland

Summary: AddictionLink, SMS-Promille & Help-info - ICT-based psycho-social prevention & treatment services of Finnish A-Clinic Foundation serve monthly 40000 individuals. 10-years-experiences suggest ICT partly replace face-to-face work, be better & cheaper, preferred by clients. Harms like net addiction need attention. Future calls transfer from infrastructure to human instructiveness; broader thematic concepts; virtual reality & robotics inclusion; contents, organisational, and traditional services integration.

Abstract: Many ICT features are especially suitable for dealing with mental health and addiction problems. Internet and mobile services offer interactivity and feedback. Partial return to written word gives benefits, especially in regulating anonymity. ICT offers low threshold to seek help, empowerment to use own resources and simplifies complex society by easy availability and choice freedom, and serves hard-to-reach peer and marginal groups.

A-Clinic Foundation has used ICT in prevention and treatment since 1996. AddictionLink (Päihdelinkki) consists of databank, open & closed discussion forums, self-assessment tests and guidance programs, counselling & consultation services, areas for children and families etc. in Finnish, Swedish, English, Russian & Sign language with 40000 individual visitors a month.

Since 2000 the cell phone SMS Promille helps to estimate blood alcohol level and legal status to drive. Another one operates in Czech Republic. A new extensive SMS service based on peer support and professional counselling is in production.

The Foundation coordinates early-stage crisis portal www.apua.info (help.info), a cooperative site by 23 mental health, addictions, children's protection, child abuse & domestic violence and public health organisations offering versatile help via one channel while reaching sufficient critical mass. Here one can seek help without prior self-diagnosis, which professional system to approach.

The future needs to 1) transfer infrastructure emphasis to human instructiveness. 2) Broader psycho-social concepts are needed. 3) ICT services must integrate with traditional for a flexible service chain. 4) Contents and organisational integration is needed nationally and globally. Soon also 5) virtual reality and robotics play an important role in prevention and treatment. As pre-taste we have tested a small-scale Tamagotchi treatment. While developing ICT services, attention is needed to 1) quality proof system, 2) prevention of digital divide and 3) research on effects.

Experiences from Finnish tools suggest that ICT can replace part of standard face-to-face work. While better and cheaper by results it is often preferred by clients. Also possible harms must be taken into consideration. As an addiction oriented organisation A-Clinic Foundation offers prevention and treatment tools for Internet addiction and gambling, paradoxically but for good reason mainly in Internet.

More information: Peltoniemi, Teuvo: Experiences and perspectives in using telematic prevention on sensitive health issues. In: Latifi (ed.): Establishing telemedicine in developing countries. IOS Press. Amsterdam 2004.

www.paihdelinkki.fi (Finnish site with a smaller English part)

www.prevnet.net (EU network site)

7 – c. Web-phone based intervention plan adherence optimizer

Prof. Dick Schoech, Dulak Professor

University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation overviews a web-based case management application that optimizes adherence to treatment by delivering voice messages, reminders, and surveys using phones, smartphones, VoIP, and the web. The application supports workers with high caseloads who have difficulty monitoring and prioritizing in order to focus on cases most at risk.

Abstract: Computers, phones, and the Internet are merging to provide a powerful set of tools for delivering human services. This presentation will overview a web-based application designed to optimize adherence to intervention plans. The major application supports case management where workers have high caseloads making it difficult to monitor and prioritize all cases in order to focus on those most at risk. The system uses a web site to deliver messages, reminders, and surveys using a variety of phones including smartphones and VoIP. The system has 5 features. First is a web site where worker and client set up the intervention plan goals and objectives along with the questions that will provide good indicators of success. Questions can be similar to: do you feel you are doing better, do you feel your medication is working, do you want your worker to contact you, etc. The second is a web site where clients and worker specify when the client wants to be called, how often, who else to involve in the case management process, and who can see the results. The third feature involves providing educational audio files and voice reminders to clients. The fourth is the graphic display of the results of the client-phone interaction and the survey responses. The fifth is data mining of the collected data to predict adherence and non-adherence to intervention plan objectives. The system is being tested in several settings and has the potential to reduce much of the drudgery work of case management and service follow-up. In addition, the system collects valuable information and flags clients who are failing or succeeding. Thus, the system allows workers to prioritize their time and agencies to examine risk assessment and program evaluation data.

8 – a.: Computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety in a hospital social work and nursing case management department

Dr. William Barcy, Visiting Scholar

University of Michigan, U.S.A.

Summary: The present study examined the relationship of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and perceived computer usefulness to performance utilizing IT programs by clinical staff in a hospital-based social work and nursing case management department. Data collection included survey and actual in-vivo observation of staff in the tartet environment.

Abstract: The current health care delivery system increasingly relies upon information technology (IT) to more effectively and efficiently meet patient needs. The present study examined the relationship of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and perceived computer usefulness to performance utilizing IT programs by clinical staff in a hospital-based social work and nursing case management department.

Use of IT programs within the hospital setting was assessed by self-reported frequency of use of the shared drive system of electronic resources and by observed behavioral proficiency in completing a computerized search task of resources on the shared drive. Computer self-efficacy was assessed by a self-report survey adapted from the Computer Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Murphy, Coover, and Owen (1989). Computer anxiety was assessed by Johnson’s (2005) self-report survey version of the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale adapted to reflect the specific IT programs utilized in the hospital setting. Computer usefulness was assessed by a modified version of the self-report Usefulness survey developed by Franz and Robey (1986). All of the 45 participants completed the self-report survey measures, with 27 also completing the computerized search task.

The results indicated significant relationships between observed behavioral proficiency on the computerized search task and self-reported ratings of computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. Higher task proficiency was associated with higher computer self-efficacy ratings. Lower task proficiency was associated with higher computer anxiety. More frequent self-reported use of the shared drive system was significantly associated with higher ratings of computer usefulness.

8 – b.: Use of Technology in Rural Social Service Agencies

Dr. Brenda Moore, Interim Department Head & BSW Director

Texas A&M University – Commerce, U.S.A.

Summary: Technology is increasingly used in direct practice as well as in education. This paper presentation will overview of the use of technology in rural communities and explore the implications for diverse populations in practice and education.

Abstract: Rural human service agencies face many challenges in providing services to clients in geographic areas with limited resources. While technology offers great potential for improving the availability, access, and quality of services in rural communities, there is little research on the extent to which rural human service organizations are using or benefiting from technology.

This presentation focuses on comparing rural and urban human service agencies in their use of technology in practice and administration. Findings from an exploratory study of rural human service agency workers on their “use and comfort” with common software, their degree of computer anxiety, self-efficacy, and perceived effectiveness in professional helping will be compared with previous studies published about urban or suburban agencies. Because technology must be adapted for use in various environments (ie., different types of agencies, various geographic locales, varying degrees of acceptance, etc.), such comparisons can provide helpful approaches to maximize the benefits available through technology.

In addition to understanding how technology, and specifically the Internet, is transforming human service delivery, there are implications for social work educators who prepare students for practice in human service agencies. The issue of student preparation is discussed in terms of the role of social work education – in other words, are we teaching what students need to know in terms of the application of technology in human services? This paper will present information which compares urban and rural human service agencies in their use of technology and looks at the congruence between agencies’ use and students’ preparation as future helping professionals and administrators.

8 – c. Pattern Change in IT Use of Children from Lower-income Families After Gaining Home Access

Ms. Lai-shan Ho, Research Assistant

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Summary: The Hong Kong Government has introduced the “Computer Recycling Scheme” in 2005/06 and 2006/07 school years to help the students from lower-income families to gain home access to IT. This paper will look into the change in the pattern of IT use of the participants after joining the programme.

Abstract: According to a survey by the Census and Statistics Department from June to August 2004, about 36,000 primary and secondary school students aged ten and over did not have computers at home in Hong Kong. Among them, about 20,000 students had indicated their needs to have computers to facilitate their study. In response to the need, the Education and Manpower Bureau has introduced the “Computer Recycling Scheme” in 2005/06 and 2006/07 school years. The project will help the poor communities, students from lower-income families, to gain home access to IT to narrow this IT gap.

It is expected that providing technical devices and services to the poor communities will help to bridge the gaps on educational advantages, future employment and earnings, opportunities for social and civic involvement, and equity and civil rights issues between the IT "haves" and "have-nots". However, helping the students from lower-income families to solve their access problem cannot guarantee that they can share the benefits of the information society and maximize their life chances. For example, Internet addiction and frequently uses IT for recreational purposes are some popular topics and worries of many parents, educators and social workers. We cannot neglect those temptations and threats come along. It is worth to know how the students use IT before and after gaining home access.

The University of Hong Kong is conducting a study to examine the impact of the Computer Recycling Scheme through focus group, interview, and telephone interview. This paper will look into the change in the pattern of IT use of the participants after gaining home access.

9 – a.: The case for open access to social work research

Prof. Jan Steyaert, Professor

Fontys University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands

Mrs. Jackie Rafferty, University of Southampton, U.K.

Summary: High quality of social care provision calls for a close relationship between practice and research. The academic publishing culture has not been helpful in establishing this proximity. Is the internet, google and open access bringing research and practice closer together?

Abstract: Internationally there is a strong and growing call for social work to be evidence-based and informed by research on effectiveness of social interventions. Equally there is a long tradition of research into the lack of social work practitioner access to the existing research literature, beginning with the work of Wilson and Streatfield in the mid seventies.

Technology has changed the information landscape of practice settings. The wide availability of computers and the internet in conjunction with increasing practitioner familiarity with using technology has drastically transformed the information landscape. In their domestic and social life practitioners have become familiar with using the Internet to look up train timetables, book tickets for events, shop, download music, etc. ‘Google’ is an important if not the first gateway to information. They are also likely to be in touch with family and friends through communication technologies. In their professional life practitioners are using the technology to keep records, carry out assessments, communicate with colleagues and service users, access local policies and information.

Technology has equally changed the information landscape in research settings. Printed journals are rapidly being replaced by electronic versions, and an increasing number of publications are freely available in digital form. Rising subscription costs and the opportunities of the internet result has resulted in calls for ‘open access’. There are numerous arguments to support open access (e.g. The Berlin Declaration, if you don’t exist on google, you don’t exist, …). Many universities and research funders (e.g. Joseph Rowntree foundation at http://www.jrf.org.uk/) now have policies in place to ensure open access. Having said that, the majority of research output is still available through commercial publishers as a result of the role of peer reviewed publications in career development (the science citation index is far more important than the google citation index) and issues around copyright (and the lack of awareness about the alternative, copy-left). Fortunately, there are an increasing number of examples on how to open up the knowledge base for social work. These include, but are not limited to:

- personal webpages of scholars;

- Open access professional journals such as http://fsw.ucalgary.ca/currents/ or http://www.socwork.net/, for an overview, see the directory of open access journals at http://www.doaj.org/;

- Higher Education Institutional repositories e.g. DARE and ‘promise of science’ in the Netherlands

Given these developments, what happens or can happen to the divide between research and practice? Does more ‘open access’ bring them closer together? This paper will argue that although there are very convincing and sound arguments to practice and promote open access, these are intrinsic to scholarly communication and at best of marginal interest for professional communication. Other modes of communication are needed (and partly existing) to bring research and practice closer together.

9 – b.: A Social Work Wiki? Increasing the Evidence Base AND Engaging Practitioners in the Production of Research

Dr. Harriet Meek, Assistant Professor

New Mexico State University, U.S.A.

9 – c.: Creating an Information Commons: Sharing Knowledge to Connect Administrators, Professionals and Participants

Mr. Josh Knauer, Director of Advanced Development

MAYA Design, Inc., U.S.A.

John Pierce, Deputy Director of the Office of Information

Allegheny Country Department of Human Services, U.S.A.

Summary: The HumanServices.net project, based on “Information Commons” distributed database technology, has drastically improved how human services are administered in Allegheny County. John Pierce of Allegheny DHS and Josh Knauer of MAYA will explain how new technologies help agencies improve service delivery, streamline workflow, and encourage data sharing among service providers.

Abstract: Josh and John can speak to the award-winning HumanServices.net project, named by InfoWorld Magazine as one of the Top IT Projects of 2006. HumanServices.net is a distributed database that brings together data from thousands of human service providers and nonprofit organizations into a single, easily searchable repository. This data is fused with information on the community’s demography, geography and education systems, creating a comprehensive picture of assets and needs.

Using HumanServices.net, a caseworker looking for drug treatment programs for a teenager can pull up with one search the description of a relevant program near the teen’s school and on an accessible bus route. Contact information, facility hours, photos, a map and directions are all available for the referral. Before Humanservices.net, this information would take hours to locate, verify and package.

The system’s unique distributed design allows each participating agency and organization to maintain control of their own data through their own systems. Allegheny DHS updates information using its own database system, and then the Information Commons (the peer-to-peer network that HumanServices.net is built upon) extracts the data and reformats it for HumanServices.net. Participating organizations can enter their data into the Commons directly, and they can also publish data available in the Commons from other organizations on their own websites. Independent sites focused on after school programs and offered through the United Way have used the Commons in this way, a tribute to how the HumanServices.net effort benefits the entire human services community.

Josh and John will speak to the challenges and benefits of uniting a community’s human services data into a distributed system like the Information Commons. HUSITA participants will gain a deeper understanding of how new technologies can help agencies save money and streamline workflow while creating a comprehensive picture of human service assets and needs.

PARALLEL SESSION 4

10 – a.: The Future is Now: Cybercounselling in the 21^st Century

Mr. Lawrence Murphy, Director

Mr. Dan Mitchell, Director

World Wide Therapy Online Inc., Canada

Summary: 21^st Century clients expect to be able to connect with professionals online. This interactive workshop will provide participants with a solid grounding in the ethics, technology, and practical aspects of therapy online. It will cover a variety of eCounselling techniques including what the authors refer to as Presence Techniques.

Abstract: 21^st Century clients expect to be able to connect with their counsellor online. The question is whether the counsellor is ready. Because the future is now. This interactive workshop will provide participants with a solid grounding in the ethics, technology, and practical aspects of doing therapy online. E-mail correspondence can be therapeutic. But this requires an understanding of approaches that make e-mail a richer, more personal experience. This workshop will cover a variety of eCounselling techniques including joining in text, reading e-mail for clinical comprehension, and what Murphy and Mitchell refer to as Presence and Process Control Techniques. This workshop will be of benefit to participants interested in exploring the possibility of doing therapy online, and to those who are already doing the work and want to learn more.

Lawrence Murphy and Dan Mitchell founded Therapy Online in 1995. They were the first people to use the Internet for the delivery of mental health services. In 1998 they co-authored, with the National Board for Certified Counselors, the first ethical code for online practice. They have published a number of academic works, including chapters in both of the American Counselling Association’s Cybercounselling & Cyberlearning texts, and their seminal 1998 paper When writing helps to heal: E-mail as therapy, in the British Journal of Guidance and Counselling. Therapy Online provides 2 levels of certificate level Cybercounselling training to therapists throughout the globe in collaboration with the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Social Work.

Mitchell and Murphy have presented at conferences throughout Canada. Most recently Mr. Murphy was an invited speaker at Family Service Canada’s 2007 Executive Directors conference in Kananaskis, and at the Ontario Association of Consultants Counsellors Psychometrists and Psychotherapist’s 2006 conference in Niagara-on-the-Lake.

10 – b.: E-therapy: An alternative for clinical skills training and psychotherapy to distance

Dr. Georgina Cardenas-Lopez

Prof. Berenice Serrano

Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico

Summary: This paper present an e-therapy program whit a double benefit: the students will be able to count on practicing whit programs suitable to their own interests and curriculum structure, in addition to practicing their clinical abilities; the patients will benefit from having access to high-quality psychological services to distance.

Abstract: The mental health services, like other areas, are benefiting from rapid advances in information and communication technologies. For several decades, treatment programs have been created with the aid of computers with successful outcomes. Computer technologies are increasingly being applied to several mental disorders and their respective treatment programs.

The Virtual Teaching Laboratory of Psychology at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) is orchestrating its program of e-therapy for anxiety and depression disorders. Psychology students will get a double benefit; they will be able to count on practicing with programs suitable to their own interests and curriculum structure, in addition to practicing their clinical abilities in an innovative psychotherapy modality that will help them to prepare their professional futures. The patients will benefit from having access to high-quality psychological services, granted to them through consultation of a qualified professional.
The availability of formative programs of service that strengthen the university students’ integral formation, in particular the linking of theory and the practice, represents a great contribution to the field of psychology. The training of students in this innovative therapeutic modality and its incipient application in Mexico, allows the educator to provide the student with specialized knowledge that fortifies his or her competence level and modernizes them as a professional in these newly developing specialties.

Based on preliminary feedback, this modality of therapy has been well accepted by the patients, who have expressed that it is comfortable to have a therapy session from home, work or form the university without having to spend time being in transit from one place to another one. Also they refer to having good communication with their therapist when combining the sessions by Chat with the sessions via e-mail, and that the e-therapy has been as effective as the face to face therapy in the treatment of anxiety and depression problems.

10 - c. Using Technology to Promote Communities of Practice (CoP)

Dr. Brenda Moore, Interim Department Head & BSW Director

Texas A&M University - Commerce

Summary: Communities of Practice (CoP) is a theoretical model that describes people with shared. concerns and interests. This paper presents an overview of the CoP model and describes how technology can facilitate the use of CoPs in social work education and practice to facilitate learning and problem-solving.

Abstract: Social workers are seeking new practice models to facilitate education and practice as they confront current challenges inherent in the blending of many cultures, increased globalization, and technology. Communities of Practice (CoP) is a theoretical model that describes people with shared concerns and interests who emerge as groups based upon a common need. This paper presents an overview of the CoP model and describes how technology can effectively use CoPs in social work education and practice to connect people to facilitate learning and problem-solving.

Communities of Practice (CoP) was first proposed by Wenger and Lave (1991). Communities of Practice are comprised of “groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting on an ongoing basis” (Wenger, McDermott & Snyder, 2002, p. 4). CoPs have a shared history, an enterprise that forms around a value or purpose, and the enterprise involves learning. CoPs do not necessarily develop or produce a product; the emphasis is on learning, practice, and process. Learning is viewed as distributed among the participants of the community, including experts, novices, and everyone in between. Understanding and experience are in constant interaction.

Current research is focusing on examination of virtual CoPs (Johnson, 2001; McLoughlin, 1999; Hildreth & Kimble, 2000; Adams & Freeman, 2000; Putz & Arnold, 2001). Educators are exploring how distance-learning technologies might facilitate the creation of distributed Communities of Practice. Comparisons are applicable for virtual and traditional communities. The Internet has increased the parameters of what is known as a community and further study is needed to fully understand how the human dynamics described by Lave & Wenger’s model apply in a virtual environment.

11 – a.: Morning Sun Standards Manager for Accreditation

Dr. Larry Sanders, Chairman / CEO

Morning Sun Software Development, Canada

Mr. Jeffery Angelo, President

Intelliware Information Solutions, Canada

Summary: Standards Manager is a great project management tool for organizations seeking accreditation for the first time and for those seeking re-accreditation. Organizations can use Standards Manager to engage their staff in the accreditation process by assigning tasks and developing action plans, tracking progress, and printing status reports for specific or generic measurement.

Abstract: The Standards Manager is a computer application developed by Morning Sun Software Development for organizations to use in their accreditation preparation process to create an organized comprehensive package of evidence of conformance to the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitative Facilities (CARF) standards. Standards Manager is a great project management tool for organizations seeking accreditation for the first time and for those seeking re-accreditation. Organizations around the globe, i.e., Sweden, U.S.A. Canada, can purchase Standards Manager directly from CARF for $1045 USD to engage their staff in the accreditation process by assigning tasks and developing action plans, tracking progress, and printing status reports. Organizations will save time preparing for their assessment survey by creating an efficient electronic documentation repository by attaching and copying evidence items directly into Standards Manager. It allows organizations to see what has been changed or added and address those areas by creating traceable action plans to meet or exceed the standards. Morning Sun Software Development upgrades the software annually to include the new standards created by CARF. The design also allows for the software application to be portable to other accreditation standards and has the capacity to accommodate other performance measures.

Types of Organizations that would benefit from the software:

Behavioral Health Services

Child and Youth Services

Medical Rehabilitation Services

Aging Services

Opioid Treatment Services

Vision Rehabilitation Services

Employment and Community Services

Feature/Benefits:
Easy to install and user friendly to navigate
Organizes the accreditation preparation process
Assign tasks to key people, teams, or departments and track their progress
Real-time assessment of conformance to CARF standards
Overall conformance graph for management overview and monitoring
Copy and paste information and evidence directly into the appropriate standard
Link existing documentation as attachments
Automatically bookmarks the last entry
Multi-viewer with one central coordinator
Organizes evidence for surveyor assessment
Manages conformance between surveys

Minimum System Requirements:

Pentium III processor or equivalent with CD-ROM

128 MB RAM (256M recommended)

Windows 2000/XP

11 – b.: ClientTrack: Modern Technology for Human Social Services

Mr. Brian Bingel, President

Dr. Richard Alvarez, Chief Operating Officer

David Talbot, Vice President of Development

Data Systems International, Inc., U.S.A.

Summary: Human social services providers face increasing challenges associated with compliance reporting requirements and non-technical end users tasked with collecting client data through complex technology solutions. ClientTrack is the easy-to-use solution that addresses the unique needs of HSS organizations through its intuitive data collection, unprecedented configurability, and accurate reporting capabilities.

Abstract: Private and government funding sources have placed additional burdens on human service providers to comply with complex reporting requirements in order to continue to receive critical financial support. Consequently, case managers and administrators are faced with the need to collect and report large amounts of human social services data accurately. While modern technology offers the best solution to meet these needs, non-technical staff often find it difficult to collect this important data using modern, state-of-the-art software solutions. ClientTrack, with its intuitive, easy-to-use interface, accurate data collection, and robust reporting capabilities, is the ideal solution. ClientTrack enables human social services organizations to provide critical services, satisfy compliance reporting, and collect important data accurately. The eight designer tools included in ClientTrack allow non-technical personnel to configure the application quickly and easily to meet the unique needs of their organizations. The application is scaleable to meet the requirements of local and regional institutions as well as those that operate on global level. Most importantly, it is an easy-to-use and extremely intuitive application that enables end users to record all of the required data easily. This results in accurate reports that satisfy increasingly complex compliance reporting requirements.

In the twenty-first century, human social service providers face unprecedented difficulties in order to meet the expanding needs of humankind. Demographic data and program outcomes can assist planners and academics to evaluate current social services programs, modify existing systems, and craft novel solutions for the future. Through its contractual agreements with its clients, Data Systems International, the producer of ClientTrack, has maintained the rights to a vast amount of anonymous social service data which can assist in this endeavor. A live demonstration of ClientTrack and a discussion of its relevance to human social services providers offer HUSITA 8 participants a unique opportunity to evaluate how technology can improve the world in which we live.

11 – c.: Impact of Online Technology on the Nonprofit Sector

Mr. Dmitry Buterin, Chief Apricot

Wild Apricot, Canada

Summary: With modern digital tools, non-profits can operate much more efficiently. Wild Apricot is a Web 2.0 innovation specifically built for small non-profits - an integrated tool for website, membership and event management. Delivered as a software as a service, it can be deployed instantly and afforded by the smallest organization.

Abstract: Wild Apricot is an integrated software for non-profit and member-based organizations. It is tailored for small associations, clubs, support groups and community organizations. Available as a web-based monthly subscription it includes member/contact database management, event registrations, integrated website (with content management system), online payments and donations. Wild Apricot is a child of Web 2.0 innovation specifically built for small non-profit organizations.

Non-profit organizations have a growing interest in technology applications designed to meet their needs. With the development of Wild Apricot, non-profits have a new and effective way of connecting through technology. Delivered as a software as a service, Wild Apricot software resides on a central server but non-profits access it remotely and have full control over website, contact database etc. Thus there is nothing to install or maintain locally - it can be used by staff and volunteers from any computer with Internet connection and a common browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox. It can be deployed instantly and afforded by the smallest charity, professional association or support group.

Wild Apricot is a fully integrated system that delivers key functionality for member management, easy content creation and updating, online payment for dues and fees, event management and donations. The application’s user interface is designed for non-technical people and focuses on simplicity and ease of use. Users can easily understand the application and easily manage their website. Additionally, the ASP.NET and AJAX technologies that Wild Apricot adopts allow for quick development, testing and deployment of new functionalities and implementation of very rich interactivity.

Non-profit organizations are very diverse and complex because of their size, number of members and nature of operations. Taking all these factors into consideration, the biggest challenges include:

- Developing the application in such a way that is generic enough to work for clubs, charities and associations etc. but tailored enough for each organization to figure out and apply to their situation.

- Providing an easy to use interface for novice, non-technical users while providing comprehensive functionality for expert users.

- Using the modern 'Ajax' technology to make the application feel like a desktop application - while managing the internal complexity of doing this and maintaining compatibility with major browsers.

- Maintaining flexibility through short iterations as a result of ongoing feedback, requirements changes and new laws and regulations.

Wild Apricot helps non-profit and charitable organizations grow and thrive. Our commitment is to make it easier and affordable for these organizations to carry out their own efforts. There are no extra fees, maintenance and upgrades are included into monthly subscription fee (which ranges from $12 to $200 a month so it can be afforded by the smallest non-profits)

By helping organizations operate more efficiently, we can make a difference in the lives of others. Wild Apricot is already allowing many non-profit supporters to build movements for social, environmental and political change. Wild Apricot is used by over 1,000 non-profit organizations worldwide and now is embarking on new major activities to reach more organizations.

12 – a: Using Organizational Outcome Monitoring within Multi-Agency and Funder Networsk

Dr. Kelly Ernst, President & CEO

Mr. Dave Sargeant, Regional Manager, Ontario

Canadian Outcomes Research Institute, Canada

Summary: This workshop will teach participants a data system that collects data on a person and organizational level, but is able to aggregate data on multi-agency groups. Participants will see how aggregating data across agencies can occur with ease, simplicity and low cost while simultaneously engaging in discussion on the ethical, legal, and social policy implications for using multi-agency data systems.

Abstract: Funders have been requesting outcome information in Canada for a number of years and it is increasingly common to use outcomes within an accountability exercise. Yet little is done with the evidence of successes and failures about human services after the data is produced. This workshop walks people through the Hull Outcome Monitoring and Evaluation Systems which collects data on a person and organizational level and is able to aggregate data on multi-agency groups and across regions. The workshop will demonstrate that collecting outcome information across multiple agencies can occur with ease, simplicity and low cost. It will also demonstrate that such information can start a process of asking hard questions for policy and decision-making. The workshop will end with a discussion regarding questions related to the theme, “So what now; services produce outcome information but what comes next?” Ethical, legal, and social policy scenarios and their implications will be discussed during the presentation.

12 – b.: Enabling connectivity: Developing technical literacy through organisational and physical design as a means of promoting interdisciplinary higher education

Mr. Tarsem Singh Cooner, Associate Director

The Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Mental Health, University of Birmingham, U.K.

Summary: This paper outlines an organisational and physical design at a Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning at Birmingham University, UK. The Centre aims to develop technical literacy of academic staff and mental health service users/carers to create ICT based materials that promote interdisciplinary education collaboration between six University Schools.

Abstract: Interdisciplinary education requires that University programmes are able to work together to produce graduates who have an inter-professional view of the world. Cuban (1999) argues that existing structures, cultures and processes within higher education institutions prevent them from effectively cultivating teaching partnerships that promote interdisciplinary collaboration.

Employed appropriately, information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to overcome some of the barriers that ‘traditional teaching’ methods have imposed on interdisciplinary education by providing new ways of connecting students, academics, service users and carers in teaching and learning processes.

This paper outlines a design developed at an Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning at the University of Birmingham, UK. From its inception the Centre adopted a model that aimed to provide academics and service users and carers with the skills required to create e-learning materials. The objectives are to create resources that are easily shared and provide a diverse perspective about mental health issues to an interdisciplinary audience.

This paper explores the approach developed by the Centre to encourage technical literacy through its organisational and physical design. The first focuses on the processes and opportunities created through the existence of a Teaching and Learning Fund. In particular the facility the fund provides for discussion and looking beyond the traditional methods of teaching by engaging in e-learning techniques. The second examines the physical design of a 21st century learning space that incorporates ICT at its very heart. The different areas are introduced along with a rationale for the design, equipment and explanation of how the spaces are used to promote (model) teaching techniques that embrace at their core effective use of ICT.

The lessons learned so far highlight issues relevant to the development of technical literacy within the higher education sector in the 21st Century.
Reference:
Cuban, L. (1999) How scholars trumped teachers. New York: Teachers College Press.

12 – c.: Enhancing student learning with case-based multimedia: The views of social work students in Scotland and Canada.

Dr. Alan Knowles, Instructor

Grant MacEwan College, Canada

Mr. Neil Ballantyne, Learning Technology Manager

Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work Education, U.K.

Summary: This paper summarizes the results of a survey evaluating students’ use of case-based learning in Scotland and Canada. The results indicate strong support for the use of multimedia case scenarios in social work education. The findings have implications for development, reuse, sharing, and exchange of digital learning resources.

Abstract: This paper summarizes the results of a survey evaluating students’ views of case-based learning comparing learning from traditional text-based case material with learning using a web-based multimedia case scenario. The survey included two cohorts of social work students from two different English speaking countries: Scotland (N= 39) and Canada (N= 57). Based on the principles of problem based, constructivist and collaborative learning, students participated in learning activities built into their respective courses. At the end of the courses, students completed a structured survey form including a series of statements using a five point Likert scale to quantify their views of the different case types (text-based and multimedia). Students in Canada also participated in two focus groups that further explored their experiences, including questions related to authenticity, real world learning, relevance of the case scenario to their practice, sense of immediacy and emotional reactions, and the design of the case scenario. The results indicate strong support for the use of multimedia case scenarios in social work education and that students’ learning was enhanced compared to the use of text-based case studies. A number of benefits, disadvantages and recommendations were identified that will help guide the future development, (re)use, and exchange of digitized learning resources in social work education. The findings have implications for educators who are interested in the development, reuse, sharing and exchange of digital learning resources in social work education.
Key Words: Learning objects, problem-based learning, multimedia case scenarios, e-learning, learning object repositories.

13-a. Information Technology and Health Education

Ms. Miriam George, Social Worker

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada

Summary: A qualitative study conducted with health care educators in a large city suggests that health organizations are not providing the training supports needed to foster technological competency among these health educators and that these organizations may be looking to young, male educators to deliver this technology-based education and overlooking women and older educators.

Abstract: The primary role of health educators in a health care setting is providing practice-oriented innovative educational activities using a variety of technologies. This researcher conducted a qualitative study investigating health educators’ roles and challenges in a large multicultural city. The researcher used fifteen individual interviews and one focus group for data collection. The participants in this study were health educators who had been working in the downtown city hospitals for two or more years. The researcher analysed the data using N Vivo, which demonstrates that while there is a strong demand for health educators in health care settings, the lack of organizational support and of innovative educational materials are adversely affecting the delivery of health education. Major findings also include: needs more recognition for health education/health educators, more community resources, more continuing professional education for health educators, lack of role clarification, lack of enough funding. One of the other major findings of this study is that the lack of technology training and the resulting general deficiency of technical knowledge among health educators are negatively affecting the quality of continuing health education. Although health care organizations are eager to introduce technology-based health education, they are not providing enough technical training for health educators to be able to effectively deliver these programs. Another important finding is the role of gender and age in determining the assignment of technology-based education. Results show that health care organizations expect young, male health educators to take more initiative with respect to information technology. There seems to be a prevailing attitude that this demographic group is more adept at understanding and working with technology, and so it has become more difficult for women and/or older educators to get access to technology training. It is recommended that more effective, culturally appropriate, technology-focused health education be emphasized to provide accurate health information to diverse communities. More research may be needed to generalize the findings of this study. However, this research provides a stepping stone for analyzing and enhancing the role of information technology in health education.

13-b. Volunteering through the Net: A Social Capital Perspective

Prof. Dhrubodhi Mukherjee, Assistant Professor

Southern Illinois University Carbondale, U.S.A.

Summary: The paper examines volunteerism on the Internet or e-volunteerism and civic participation on the Internet can enhance social capital online. The paper examines the formation of trust in the relationship between the e-volunteers and their clients and the role that the recruiting agency in facilitating that.

Abstract: The paper attempts to understand the role of social capital in explaining motivation of volunteers who performs their volunteer tasks, “in whole or in part, via the Internet and a home or work computer” (Ellis and Cravens, 2000: 4). The paper examines the alternative explanation to volunteer motivation put forward by Robert Putnam (2000) a Harvard political scientist, in the context of the computer-mediated or e-volunteerism. Putnam has argued that motivation for volunteerism generates from an intricate network of social relationships embedded in norms of trust and reciprocity that we call social capital. Putnam (2000) identified social capital as the glue that holds communities together, at the core of this proposition he argued that the extent of social capital is dictated by how networks of individuals in a community create conditions where people are inclined to do things for one another (Putnam, 2000). Whitford and Yeats (2002), further proposed, in their study of the Ombudsman Program that recognizing social capital’s role in volunteerism can help administrators in their search for more proximate answers to the needs of such program. As the social capital perspective is being used to explain volunteer motivation in the conventional contexts of volunteerism, this paper would examine whether the same perspective could be used to explain motivation behind computer mediated or e-volunteerism. The paper would pay special attention to examine the formation of trust in the relationship between the e-volunteers and their clients and the role that the recruiting agency plays in facilitating that. The study would draw its findings from the information obtained through interviews of the program managers and select volunteer participants from three primary organizations that run e- volunteer programs, namely, VolunteerWatch, United Nations Volunteer program NetAid and Idealist.org.

REFERENCE

Ellis, S. J., & Cravens, J. (2000). Virtual volunteer guidebook. Washington, D. C: UNV.

Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Withford, A. B., & Yates, J. (2002). Volunteerism and social capital in policy implementation: evidence from the long-term care Ombudsman Program. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 14(3/4), 61-73.

13-c. Information Technology as a tool for Poverty Alleviation

Charles Mbugua, Federation of Social Workers Africa, Kenya

Information technology (IT) has to a great extent cushioned individuals and communities against the negative forces of globalization and has therefore become a modern tool for poverty reduction in many African countries. IT has complimented education as a service and an essential component for capacity building through human and social capital development, and has great potential to bridge the existing gaps in the delivery of human services. Several factors, among them poverty in its various dimensions inhibit the access and sharing of the IT benefits with the vulnerable groups and communities. The paper argues that IT been commodified to the disadvantage of the developing countries and Africa in particular, and at the expense of the vulnerable groups who are the major recipients of social work service. The presentation will demonstrate how in the African context IT has contributed to key issues of social justice and holistic development. Major challenges and constrains which need to be addressed to ensure inclusive delivery of human services will be outlined.

PARALLEL SESSION 5

14 – b.: Evaluation of an Online Peer Support Network for Adolescents with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Dr. David Nicholas, Academic and Clinical Specialist

The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Social Work, Canada

Summary: This presentation reports on the preliminary findings of a multi-centre study evaluating an online peer network for adolescents with end stage renal disease. The study explores: (1) the effectiveness of an online network; (2) participants’ experiences and perceptions of the network; (3) the benefits/limitations of online technology for peer interaction; and (4) means by which adolescents convey support within this online context.

Abstract: Peer networks are typically relied upon by adolescents and, in some cases, become a source of, or a contributor to, identity formation, a sense of ‘belonging’, and differentiation from parents. For adolescents with end stage renal disease (ESRD), peer interaction may be impeded due to decreased energy, demands of care, and geographic dispersion. However, internet technology or online applications have the potential to offer a convenient and accessible forum for accessing social support and information in managing health care conditions.

This presentation reports on the preliminary findings of a multi-centre study (Toronto, Hamilton, and London, Ontario) evaluating a 6 month online peer network for adolescents with ESRD which sought to decrease social isolation and illness intrusion in daily living and improve coping of participants.

A sample of 24 (total) male and female adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age enrolled in the online network, and were invited to read and post messages on the online support network as desired.

Evaluation of the computer network is comprised of: (1) pre- and post-intervention evaluation of variables in which social support is expected to effect change; (2) post-intervention qualitative interviews in which participants’ perceptions of the network are sought; and (3) transcript analysis including quantitative and qualitative analysis of online discussion. This presentation will also address perceived benefits and challenges/limitations of the online therapeutic group.

14 – c.: The Impact on Method and Form of Online Communication in Providing Social Support: Issues and Applications

Dr. David Nicholas, Academic and Clinical Specialist

The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Social Work, Canada

Summary: Despite the proliferation of online applications and utilization for health purposes, limited research has addressed the impact of different methods of online presentation and delivery. In this presentation, findings will be presented that address the use of varying forms of technology-based social support including: asynchronous text-based online communication, online videoconferencing, real-time (synchronous) online dialogue, and video telephone communication.

Abstract: The use of online technology for social support has exponentially increased in recent decades. Clearly, online capacities are emerging as convenient and accessible forums for accessing support and information in managing health care conditions. Innovations in health care applications have emerged including the use of video-mediated online imaging for social support; telehealth as a means of augmenting intervention; and web-based networks for accessing health issues and primary-level treatment information.

Despite the proliferation of online applications and utilization for health purposes, limited research has addressed the impact of different methods of online presentation and delivery. A program of research has been advanced in which social support via online technology has been examined for differential impact of online presentation (e.g., web-based, video-mediated, text-based, synchronous, asynchronous). Specifically, studies evaluating varying technology-based support initiatives among a variety of pediatric populations have been conducted. Approaches and populations addressed in considering these issues include technology-based interventions for: fathers of children with spina bifida; family caregivers of technology-assisted children; hospitalized children and adolescents; and families geographically separated due to child hospitalization needs.

In this presentation, findings will be presented that address the use of varying forms of technology-based social support including: asynchronous text-based online communication, online videoconferencing, real-time (synchronous) online dialogue, and video telephone communication. As an example, the presentation will address considerations specific to camera/video mediation and its impact on support processes and outcomes for varying pediatric populations.

Theoretical considerations will be examined and exemplified based on findings from specific studies. Impacts on pediatric populations (including children and parents) will be addressed. Implications and recommendations for research and practice will be discussed including considerations in choosing methods for delivering online support.

15 – a.: Empowerment of Senior Citizens via Information and Communication Technology in a non-English Speaking Culture

Dr. John Fung, Research Associate& Honorary Lecturer

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Summary: This paper draws reference to two research studies, one qualitative in nature and the other being quantitative, to discuss the empowerment effect of senior citizens learning and adoption information and communication technology. Findings indicated that there were positive changes in three areas namely self-efficacy; social awareness and life skills.

Abstract: Hong Kong has been staying on the top ranks of many international ratings of information society. In the Digital Opportunity Index announced by ITU in year 2005, Hong Kong ranked second in the world, only after South Korea.

Yet the digital divide problem in Hong Kong is not less serious than other countries. The ICT uptake rate of senior citizens, for instance, was only 5%. That compared with the household penetration rate of personal computers of around 71%, is totally out of proportion.

Advanced medical technology is lengthening the retirement period of senior citizens. Unless appropriate social interventions were carried out to facilitate the informatisation of the senior population, old people will be further marginalized by the mainstream information society.

A qualitative research was completed in year 2004 locally in Hong Kong regarding the empowerment effects amongst senior citizens via the learning of personal computers. Informants belonged to the first batch of participants of systematic computer training programs organized by NGOs. Some of them were users of the first senior citizens website in Hong Kong. Findings indicated that there were quite some major changes in their lifestyle as a result of using information and communication technology. Empowerment in three aspects, namely the increase of self-efficacy; the improvement in social awareness; and the enhancement of life skills was recorded. It was also found that the internet had emerged as one important tool for networking amongst retired senior citizens.

In year 2007, a quantitative research was conducted following the same theme of empowerment. The study took on a pre-post tests questionnaire design to capture the changes of life style in senior citizens after their participating in various computer training courses for 4 months.

This paper will draw reference to those two research studies and contribute insights in understanding systematically the experience of senior citizens in their learning and adoption of information and communication technology.

15 – b.; Reaching out to hidden seniors – the ICT ways

Dr. Chi-yee, Jolie Lam, Senior Research Assistant

Dr. Chi-Kwong Law, Associate Professor

Dr. Yu-cheung Wong, Assistant Professor

University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Dr. Yat-chu, John Fung, Director, Information Technology Resource Centre Limited

Hong Kong Council of Social Service, Hong Kong

Summary: This is an exploratory study to identify socio-cultural factors, which help promote usage of ICT of hidden seniors in Hong Kong. Hong Kong government plays a key role in enforcing strategies for building a digital inclusive and knowledge inclusive society.

Abstract: Aging population is one of the challenges that Hong Kong is facing these years. As Hong Kong government recently proposed to increase welfare spending for the elderly, the primal concern is finding effective measures to tackle the issues that aging population will bring along. Specifically, there are seniors who live alone; who may be in poor health or with chronic illness (e.g. diabetes); who may have no families and relatives to care for them; who are lack of social network, and so on. These elderly are identified as “hidden seniors” by the Hong Kong society, and their needs should not be neglected.

Previous literature has proven the positive impacts of the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) to better the care of seniors’ health and to enrich their social lives. An empirical study, which was released in Hong Kong last year, reported that ICT adoption among elderly include factors such as affordability, ICT skills, and availability of ICT. Nonetheless, other socio-cultural factors of ICT adoption among elderly in Hong Kong have not yet been explored. As a result, a new research study is called for.

The objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to identify factors which hinder the continuing usage of ICT; for example, the desirable content and applications of ICT for elderly and their interest/disinterest in using ICT; secondly, to provide recommendation to Hong Kong government in formulating policies in promoting ICT adoption of elderly.

It is expected that the findings of this study could provide valuable insights to other developing countries in coping with the social issues of aging population. Besides, it is believed that other disadvantaged groups (e.g. people with disability or the “differentially-abled”) may share similar barricades in using ICT. Therefore, this lesson learned report could serve as a useful case study.

15 – c.: Using technology to connect the aging, their families, and their caregivers

Prof. Paul Freddolino, Professor and Coordinator of Distance Education

Michigan State University, U.S.A.

Summary: Recent UN and other data show expanding access in ‘developing’ economies to the Internet and a wide range of wired and wireless technologies. This presentation will examine available and emerging tools to connect aging populations, their families, and their caregivers, especially when children leave rural areas for urban economic centers.

Abstract: Many societies face an aging population generally needing more health and social services while adult children, the traditional caregivers, move farther away to follow economic opportunities. This pattern challenges traditional forms of connectedness among family members. Similarly, if there are local helpers in the communities of the aging, the movement of children away from the area makes connections between local helpers and family members more difficult.

At the same time, new information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide more cost-effective access to people in distant areas, with more interactivity and much greater ease of use by people of all ages and abilities.

This presentation will review technology resources available today for aging individuals, their family members, and caregivers – both profession and nonprofessional -- who serve them. While generally more accessible in so-called ‘developed’ countries, recent data from the UN and other sources continues to show expanding access in ‘developing’ economies to the Internet and its wide range of resources through wired and wireless approaches. Several looks into emerging technologies will also be included.

The presentation will cover technologies that: 1) facilitate communication and support groups; 2) facilitate monitoring of client status; and 3) support education and training efforts. All of these serve to enhance connectedness among the key people involved in the long term care of the aging.

16 – a.: Process factors in online teaching: using self-reflection and small group dialogue to enhancing learning about addiction issues

Wayne Skinner, Deputy Clinical Director, Addictions Program

CAMH / University of Toronto, Canada

Summary: Teaching online with large class sizes present considerable challenges to the effective engagement of students in the learning process. The intentional use of process strategies that encourage self-reflection and dialogue will be explored. Strategies, exercises and activities that enhance student participant are described, and student feedback will be presented.

Abstract: Teaching an online undergraduate course on Addictions in Contemporary Society to up to 100 students gives rise to a number of pedagogical challenges. In particular, how can students be encouraged to explore the topic not just a formal matter but as an issue that allows for personal reflection, self-disclosure and respectful dialogue? This session will describe the intentional use of dialogue groups as an inherent element in the learning experience in a large course format. The goal of the dialogue groups was to provide a way for encouraging students to willingly reflect, share and discuss their attitudes, values and beliefs about addictive behaviours, based on not just observations of the broader social context and the course materials, but on their own lived experience. Setting up small groups proved to be a necessary, but in itself insufficient, strategy. What was also essential was the use of particular strategies, exercises and activities that evoked self-reflection and respectful disclosure. The challenges and risks in this approach will be described. Student feedback, both qualitative and quantitative, about the learning experience will be presented. Key question to be considered include: 1) how can a learning context as impersonal as asynchronous online study produce experiences that students evaluate as among the most personally engaging and meaningful learning opportunities in their tenure as university students? And 2) as class size grows, how can online educators produce high levels of personal engagement, motivation and inter-connectivity among course participants, rather than being reduced to becoming impersonal administrators of dispassionate and disengaged instruction for an amorphous mass of students?

16 – b.: A report on the development of a blended on-line collaborative learning community in a professional graduate school

Prof. Walter LaMendola, Director of Technology

Prof. Jean East, Associate Professor

University of Denver, U.S.A.

Summary: This panel will present research findings related to implementing a community of inquiry approach (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2001) in the development of an on line collaborative learning community. The research investigates social, teaching, and cognitive presences as well as the development of community in a professional graduate school.

Abstract: This panel will present research findings related to implementing a community of inquiry approach (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2001) in the development of an on line collaborative learning community. The research investigates social, teaching, and cognitive presences as well as the development of community in a professional graduate school. Social presence is defined as the degree to which students can project themselves socially and affectively into a group of learners and has been shown as critical for effective learning. Teaching presence denotes the intentional design, facilitation, and direction of the learning process, and has been found to be critical to the development of critical and creative thinkers and doers. Cognitive presence is the extent to which students are able to construct and deeply understand meaning through discourse, material exposure, and reflection afforded by the community of inquiry. In effect then, the three forms of presence combine in the community of inquiry approach, which was developed to “explore how online communication and discourse can facilitate higher order thinking skills.” (Vaughan and Garrison, 2004) This research investigates the extent to which an effective community of inquiry binds learners, teachers, and the profession together through shared values, ideals, and goals even as the students move into professional practice. Following Heckman and Annabi (2006), we hope to “…uncover principles that might be useful in developing a continuous, voluntary, online learning community…”(p. 52) that will involve practitioners beyond their university experience. The conceptual model will be presented and discussed by the panel. The faculty development community of inquiry results will be presented.

16 – c: Using Web 2.0 to enhance global competence in social work education

Dr. Goutham M. Menon, Associate Professor

University of Texas at San Antonio

Summary: The emergence of Web 2.0 potentially has large implications on how the professions shares resources, concepts, and practice information amongst itself. This paper will help define Web 2.0 and will provide a detailed road map for the development of a common language of practice and research for the social work profession.

Abstract: Brustein (2006) defines “Global competence” as having the ability not only to contribute to knowledge but also to comprehend, analyze and evaluate its meaning in the context of an increasingly globalized world and then to add the skills that form the foundation of global competence. They include the ability to work effectively in international settings; awareness and adaptability to diverse cultures, perceptions and approaches; familiarity with the major currents of global change, and effective communication across cultural boundaries. In the world professional social work, the need for such a conceptualization cannot be further than the truth.

One promising technology and concept that can provide a platform for all professions to contribute to the development of knowledge and experiences has been Web 2.0. The emergence of Web 2.0 potentially has large implications on how the professions shares resources, concepts, and practice information amongst itself. One of the key concepts of Web 2.0 is the importance of harnessing collective intelligence. Another evolutionary facet of Web 2.0 is the concept that the knowledge base gets refined and better as it places the ownership on the community to grow within itself, and share those experiences with others. It also gives users the sense of value and participation which encourages a greater degree of participation and the development of practice wisdom.

This paper will help define Web 2.0 and will provide a detailed road map for the development of a common language of practice and research for the social work profession.

17. Evidence-based Practice & Technology

New York University

PARALLEL SESSION 6

18 – a.: The Dutch National Program for Digital Learning in Social Work Education

Herman Van Lieshout, Senior Lecturer

Fontys University of Professional Education, The Netherlands

Albert Visser, Senior Lecturer

Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands

Summary: This paper addresses the Dutch program on digital learning in social work education. Schools of Social Work in the Netherlands are cooparating in the development of case based learning materials to be used in virtual learning environments. A project on the use of wiki by students to produce learning objects is presented as a case illustration.

Abstract: From September 2005 onward, six schools of social work in the Netherlands are working together on the development of digital learning materials for higher education in the domain of social services. This cooperation is open to other Dutch schools of social work as well; there are more than 20 of them in the Netherlands. The cooperation is based on a common analysis of the use of information technology both in social work practice and in social work education. This analysis - laid down in a so called Domain Plan Social Work - is the frame of reference for all educational projects to be undertaken in the consortium.

In our paper we go into the concept of domain directed development of digital learning materials, its advantages and risks, and we give an overview of the results from the projects within the domain. In 2006, five projects were started: Virtual City District; Experiments with Social Storytelling; From Social Software to Reusable Learning Objects; Social Activities; Virtual Home.

In our presentation we are going to show some results of these projects, and we use the project on Reusable Learning Objects as a case illustration. In this project students are activity involved in delivering information objects by means of wiki. Quality control is done by teachers who also may advise to 'freeze' such an information object and store it in a repository. Comparison will be made to the learning objects development occurring now in Scotland (Neill Ballantyne).

For 2007 the main topic is implementation of the learning materials into the curricula of the Dutch social work education. We will describe the way in which we are enhancing the use of these materials within the six partner institutions. Special attention is asked for our partnership with editors for the exploitation of the materials.

18 – b.: The Canadian “Home Children”: a case study in the digitization of social work heritage material.

Mr. Neil Ballantyne, Learning Technology Manager

Ms. Ellen Daly, Knowledge and Information Assistant

Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work Education, U.K.

Summary: The paper discusses the ‘virtualization’ of an existing social work museum exhibition on the migration of “Home Children” from Scotland to Canada in the late 19th Century; and the digital preservation of historical assets held by the contemporary social care organization involved in the migration of the children.

Abstract: Social work and social welfare services in the developed world have a rich, if relatively recent, history with origins in the social upheavals associated with rapid industrialization and urbanization during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. There is a regular flow of scholarly work analysing historical trends in the policies and practices of social welfare agencies. Work that is written not only to track the past, but to illuminate the socially constructed nature of contemporary reality, and uncover changing discourses about the subjects of social welfare: the poor, the underprivileged, and the dispossessed.

In order to preserve and maintain the heritage of the past we need 'memory institutions' - like libraries, archives and museums - to collect social welfare content; and digital technologies to preserve and re-present the material. This paper is a case study in the digitization of social work heritage material and the virtualization of an existing museum exhibition created by a Scottish Museum of Social Work. It explores how digital preservation can help safeguard the heritage of social welfare organizations for the social researchers and educators of the future; and demonstrates how digital media can add rich new dimensions to the presentation of the historical narrative. The project involved the 'virtualization' of an existing social work museum exhibition on the migration of "Home Children" from Scotland to Canada in the late 19th Century; and the preservation of historical assets held in the archives of a contemporary social care organisation involved in the migration of the children.

The purpose of the project was: to provide public access to the historical assets for research and education; to preserve the historical assets before they were damaged any further by prolonged and inadequate storage conditions; and to repurpose the exhibition material to retell the story of Victorian child migration with new digital media.

18 – c.: Ensuring the discoverability of digital images for social work education: an online “tagging” survey to test controlled vocabularies

Ms. Ellen Daly, Knowledge & Information Assistant

Mr. Neil Ballantyne, Learning Technology Manager

Scottish Institute for Excellence in Social Work Education, U.K.

Summary: This paper reports on the findings of research designed to test the suitability of two controlled vocabularies to source keywords and ensure the discoverability of images collected in a national digital image bank repository for social work education.

Abstract: This paper reports on the findings of research designed to test the suitability of two controlled vocabularies to source keywords and ensure the discoverability of images collected in a national digital image bank repository. This image bank forms part of The Learning Exchange, the world’s first interactive library – or digital repository – of learning resources for social work education. The content includes interactive games, video clips, case studies, official publications and radio broadcasts and may be used for non-commercial, educational purposes. This rich variety of content enables an active community of educators to develop and disseminate high quality learning materials. Each resource inside the Learning Exchange has a detailed catalogue record. Due to the subjective nature of images, this research was conducted to inform the cataloguing process used to describe each image.

An online survey was designed requiring respondents to “tag” sequentially a series of 30 images with up to three key words or phrases per image. The 30 images were selected to be representative of the types of image to be stored and catalogued inside the image bank repository. An invitation to take part in the survey was distributed on two UK social work education mailing lists: 191 individuals took part in the survey generating 3975 individual tags. At the end of the survey period, responses were analysed and mapped against the two controlled vocabularies to ascertain the percentage of responses appearing on either or both of the vocabularies.

Whilst a significant proportion of the words and phrases used by respondents could be mapped to terms (or their equivalents) in the controlled vocabularies, many could not. The implications of these findings for cataloguing and discovering content are discussed in the context of a wider review of the literature on “folksonomies” (or free tagging) versus taxonomies and controlled vocabularies.

19 – a.: Game Theory Application in Home for Elderly of Hong Kong Drug Management, Medical History, Petty Cash Management

Mr. Kim Nam, Keith Tsoi, Managing Director

KTC Keith Tsoi Chinese Computer Centre, Hong Kong

Summary: Our service reserve diversification of the NGO to increase Adaptability and flexibility. 同時，發揮合作的好處及經濟效益，並著重員工培訓，使機構全權發展自己的it應用，保留獨特性。
we KTCKTktcKTC also foster the benefits and economic cooperation in software development. The focus on staff training to further develop for the future in Reporting & data mining, which keep their unique and diversity.

Abstract: KTC develop software for the social service unit to promote high standard of service quality. We provide 1 stop solution for software development, user training, hardware purchasing, support & maintenance. We are so eager to share our experience, including success and failure, to promote future cooperation.

Different NGOs, different units in philosophy and administrative resources have a different approach, which constitute the greater adaptability and productivity. 因此，在策略上，政府一向鼓勵不同機構在同一服務範疇中互相競爭及合作。Therefore, the government has been encouraging the same service in different areas of cooperation and competition. 在香港，安老院舍服務更結合社福機構及私營服務。In Hong Kong, Home for Elderly Service is provided by different NGOs and private services sector.

在電腦化過程中，KTC應用IT技術，為各單位提供電腦化方案，尤其專注於院舍藥物管理電腦系統、院友病歷管理、院友零用金計算系統等。In the process of IT application in Home for the Elderly, KTC provide computer software, with particular focus on residential drug management computer system, medical history management recording system residents miscellaneous payment system. 我們服務的特點是結合了各機構的共通點，同時又保留自主性，為超過30個機構，80多個單位，在5年間提供電腦化服務。We serve a combination of characteristics is the common point of different Organizations or Units, while retaining autonomy for more than 30 agencies, 80 units in the past five years to provide computer services. 由零開始，到一流水準。Started from zero to professional level當中，也經歷多個版本的昇級，以配合政府發牌部份對服務質素的要求。, has also experienced a number of versions of the upgrade and to meet the government's licensing requirements.

我們的經驗，為香港安老院舍各方面進行電腦化。Our experience is that the homes for all computerized. 我們更發揮社工精神，助人自助，培養員工能力去為已經開發的資料庫系統，訓練員工參與開發其中的資料分析及報告部份，成績驕人。We play social worker role, helping people to help themselves, to have developed the ability of staff to develop a database system, involved in the part of the data analysis and report their success.

Keith 本中心創辦人keithtsoi為註冊社工。Tsoi, founder of the Center is registered social workers. 多年來服務對象包括政府部門、社福機構、私營機構，是項分享對未來發展很有參考價值Years of service targets, including government departments, social service agencies, the private sectors, the share of the future development is of great reference value.

It is really a big challenge to develop software for social service agencies and sustain the diversity. We believe than staff empowerment is essential for the future development.

19 – b.: Evaluation of Virtual Reality exposure training for Agoraphobia treatment

Dr. Georgina Cardenas-Lopez

Carmen Ramos

Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico

Abstract: The mental health services, as well as other fields, are benefiting from vigorous advances of information and communication technologies. Last decade, innovative applications of treatment systems based on virtual reality technologies have been published in literature pertaining to the field of psychology. The literature on the field, describes the results derived to these systems are promising on the treatment of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and fears and obsessive compulsive disorders. This paper describes a project that is carrying out by the Virtual Teaching Laboratory of the School of Psychology in collaboration with the IXTLI Virtual Reality Visualization Observatory of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, that has two objectives: first, to provide and evaluate educational sessions, address to university students in the mental health area, in order to teach: patient’s symptoms, the use of virtual reality technologies for agoraphobia exposure treatment, advantages and disadvantages of this treatment innovative modality. Second, to develop and evaluate these virtual reality models for clinical use in the treatment of phobias and anxiety disorders. Initial outcomes from the teaching sessions’ evaluation will be describe and include the estimation of presence level of these virtual scenarios and the user satisfaction related to the use of virtual reality technologies for educational goals. . In this sense, it is assured that new angles will continue to emerge to fortify these systems, making them simpler and counting with more varied applications to different mental health problems.

Keywords: Agoraphobia, treatment, VR exposure, higher education, presence measure.

19 - c. Advancing digital equality: A human service obligation

Dr. Elizabeth DePoy, Professor

Dr. Stephen Gilson, Professor

University of Maine, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation critically reviews universal approaches to expanding web access to previously underserved user populations, briefly summarizes a needs assessment, and discusses the application of universal principles to advancing access to electronic information as a civil right for all people. We conclude with applications for human service practice.

Abstract: Digital equality, defined as equivalent access to electronic information, has been identified as a major civil right of the 21st century (Kamara, 2004, Pinkett, 2005). Yet, numerous population categories of atypical users, including people with disabilities, low literacy users, and more recently elders with limited computer proficiency, continue to experience limited or no access to this resource, creating serious negative consequences for their participation in community, health and wellness, recreational, economic, social, and civic activity. In response to this disparity, much attention has been devoted to narrowing and eliminating digital inequality. However, despite the progress and development aimed at increasing electronic information literacy for atypical users it is evident from the human computer interface (HCI) and related literature that access solutions structured according to principles of retrofitting, accommodation or adaptation, although well intended, fall short in advancing equality (Schneiderman, 2002). The application of universal principles to information technology holds the promise of expanding information literacy to all people, yet, only recently has it appeared in the literature (Stephanidis, 2001) and thus is still in its infancy. In this presentation, we critically review universal approaches to expanding web access to previously underserved user populations, briefly summarize a needs assessment, and discuss the application of universal principles to advancing access to electronic information as a civil right for all people. We conclude with applications for human service practice.

PARALLEL SESSION 7

20 – a.: Administering Psychological Tests in the 21^st Century: Leveraging the power of the internet

Hazel Wheldon, Vice-President, Clinical and Education Division

Rick Walrond, Manager, Programming

Multi Health Systems Inc., Canada

Summary: This session is intended to demonstrate how those involved in the administration and scoring of psychological tests can utilize the power of the internet to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the testing process. Features and benefits of internet testing, scoring and database management will be highlighted and issues around security and privacy will be addressed.

Abstract: Exploring and utilizing cutting edge technologies in the administration, scoring and interpretation of psychological tests lags far behind the leveraging of technology in other areas both within and outside the field of clinical psychology. Concerns regarding security, privacy and efficacy of administering psychological tests online have prevailed over the practical benefits that the internet can offer. Internet test delivery is particularly attractive to clinicians who want to have their clients complete assessments prior to the first visit or are looking for multiple informants (such as parents and teachers) or multiple assessments. It also allows for fast and efficient scoring, database management, tracking of assessment results and effective treatment monitoring. In this demonstration we offer several options for internet test delivery that will benefit the client, the test administrator and the organization. Issues of security, privacy, reporting and interpreting are addressed.

20 – b.: Healthy Adjustment in the Post-Partum Year (Happy): For Mothers and Supportive Others

Mrs. Ann-Marie Dawes, MSW Student

Andrews University, U.S.A.

Dr. Michael Wright, Owner

MAWMedia Group, U.S.A.

Summary: Healthy Adjustment in the Post-Partum Year or (H.A.P.P.Y.) is an interactive CDROM recognizing that childbirth is both wonderful and significant. The CDROM combined with a community intervention seeks to educate society that all women have some level of post-partum reaction. Therefore, pathologizing may not be appropriate to a complete solution.

Abstract: Family contexts, cultural expectations, support system, and a host of other factors determine the range of post-partum reactions. HAPPY is an interactive CDROM intended to provide information and skills both to the mother and her supportive others, to promote positive coping factors and arrest negative coping conditions. Combined with a community intervention plan, the HAPPY project can potentially shed light on what is commonly called Post-partum Depression.

The range of postpartum reactions extends between an intense fatigue or brief crying bout through to a prolonged ahedonia or depression. Benvenuti, Valoriani, and Vanni (2006) that the depressive end of the range is a continuum including maternity blues, minor depression and major depression. Even if postpartum reactions do not reach the degree of depression, the coping and healthy environment factors described in HAPPY are a potential benefit to all mothers and supportive others.

Post-partum reactions are experienced by women in every society and from every socioeconomic background. Most assessments of post-partum reactions center on Post-Partum Depression and usually measure depressive symptoms. This focus does not account for the risk factors for PPD and post-partum reactions more generally (Halbreich & Karkun, 2006).

Many women do not recognize the need for help or neglect to seek help. Women who do recognize an intense and persistent unhealthy reaction resist communicating the feeling due to shame or fear of having their children taken (Buist, Ross & Steiner, 2006). In the United States, some 15-20% of women may experience Post-Partum Depression (PPD). Recent research revealed 400,000 cases of PPD per year. This number does not include many cases that are unreported due to lack of education, awareness, and the perceived stigma of the “perfect mother” (Truant, 2005).

20 – c.: Health Literacy & Well-being Body Systems Program

Mrs. Taunya Wright, Registered Nurse BSN

Dr. Michael Wright, Owner

MAWMedia Group, U.S.A.

Summary: When medical professionals come into contact with clients, they typically give a speech about personal health management, hand the client a sheet of instructions, and send them on their way. Heart Knowledge I is a CDROM training for clients that engages them toward healthy lifestyle choices.

Abstract: Heart Knowledge I is the first of the Health Literacy & Well-being body systems program. This educational project was developed and designed to promote knowledge about diseases and preventative measures to bring about an awareness and responsibility for personal health. The product is an interactive CDROM built in a cross-OS language. It can be viewed in its own player or via a web browser. Users become familiar with disease processes and medical terminology. The material is explained with words, pictures, sounds, graphs, and animation to make learning fun and interesting. Heart Knowledge I focuses on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the US according to the American Heart Association. The goal of this project is to make important information about personal health available in a form that is appealing to users. The material can be used as a review tool for hospitals and their clients. It has potential to be a great addition to discharge teaching prior to clients leaving the hospital. It can also be used as a study companion or assessment tool for those studying a medical profession like nursing or emergency response. We plan to distribute the product to walk-in clinics, wellness centers, hospitals as well as nursing schools, and corporate human resource departments. The material is organized into modules enabling a “just-in-time” approach to learning. This means that users can go directly to information that interests them improving the learning experience. It is our goal to educate all adults concerning the great benefit of personal health awareness and management. This product series provides an essential tool toward that goal, knowledge.

21 – a.: Internet-Based Health Information Use by Persons aged 50 and Older: An Exploration of Process, Meaning, and Experience

Ms. Karen Zgoda, Doctoral Student

Boston College, U.S.A.

Subtheme: Gerontology, Healthcare, Internet, Social work, Technology, Email-based Interviews

Summary: This poster presentation will describe a study conducted using email-based interviews to examine how adults aged 50 and older used the Internet to collect health information.

Abstract: In the United States the older adult population is rapidly increasing, with 7,918 persons turning age 50 each day at the rate of 330 each hour (U.S. Census, 2006). In Massachusetts alone there are 1.8 million Baby Boomers, comprising roughly 28% of our total population (Kahn, 2005). At the same time, more and more health information, on topics such as Medicare, Prescription Advantage, prescription medications and specific medical conditions, is increasingly available from the Internet. Such information is disseminated more frequently on the Internet as even television advertisements for the AARP frequently list a web site in lieu of a phone number. As a result of this increase, the older population will need to become savvy consumers of online health information to leverage resources for their care. This paper presentation will describe a qualitative study with 5 adults aged 50 and older examining how they used the Internet to collect health information. The study took place via email-based interviews. Thematic analysis was used to construct themes around such topics as type of health information, the importance of information, the role of the Internet in gathering this information, and for whom the information is collected (self, spouse, friend, etc.). Implications for future research, practice, and cross-cultural comparisons will be discussed.

21 – b.: Global eHealth Innovation Through Tobacco Control

Prof. Peter Selby, Clinical Director, Addictions Program

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada

Dr. Scott McIntosh, Assistant Professor

University of Rochester, U.S.A.

Dr. Cameron Norman, Assistant Professor

University of Toronto, Canada

Dr. Beth Bock, Associate Professor,

Brown Medical School

Summary: The WATI Initiative will hold a workshop on the use of technology to send health promotion messages and to help smokers quit and stay quit. This workshop will provide an opportunity to network and exchange knowledge about WATI initiatives and to build capacity for technology-enabled tobacco control.

Abstract: The Web-Assisted Tobacco Interventions (WATI) Initiative will hold a workshop on the use of technology to send health promotion messages and to aid smoking cessation, prevention and training. This emerging area of research and practice has been called Web-Assisted Tobacco Interventions. A challenge for WATI is creating shared frameworks for knowledge translation within a new and rapidly growing field where those creating the knowledge are physically located all around the globe. This workshop will provide a venue for practitioners, researchers, policy makers and funders within the area of human services to network and exchange knowledge, learn from past WATI activities, build capacity for technology-enabled health promotion. This workshop will highlight:

· evidence for WATI;

· lessons learned from past activities;

· introduction to the WATI global community of practice project;

· profiles of:

o WATI's that have been built on sound health behaviour change theory that move beyond providing information and raising awareness to fostering skill development, self-determination, increasing behavioural intentions to change and to action itself; and

o WATI and other widely used technologies (i.e., gaming, simulations, SMS alerting).

By bringing together experts from different countries, disciplines and interests related to WATI, the workshop has the potential to create a lasting network of knowledge exchange and collaboration that can further advance tobacco control and eHealth capacity. Presenters will include:

· P. Selby will introduce the topic and provide a brief history of the WATI world;

· C. Norman will review of the underlying theories behind WATI and the WATI Community of Practice Initiative;

· S. McIntosh will discuss lessons learned from WATI and how these lessons can be transferred to the tobacco control community at large; and

B. Bock will provide an overview of the world wide WATI and what goes into evaluating the quality of smoking treatment websites.

21 – c.; Promille SMS Service Helps People to Control Excessive Alcohol Use

Mr. Teuvo Peltoniemi, Director of Information Department

A-Clinic Foundation, Finland

Summary: SMS Promille is text message based cell phone application used in Finland since 2000. It helps to estimate blood alcohol level for controlling drinking or keeping under legal driving limit. Czech Republic operates kindred solution. A new extensive SMS service based on peer support and professional counselling is in production.

Abstract: Promille SMS cell phone text message service provides a handy way to measure blood alcohol contents. It is theoretically based on cognitive therapy, which supports small steps monitoring of one’s behaviour and giving practical tips how to keep the control. Promille SMS advises whether one is legally able to drive a car. It also supports one for controlling alcohol use, when one decides to never drink over a certain BAC.

One reason behind the success of the Promille SMS is probably its character as socially invisible tool. People send and receive text messages a lot, when in drinking company with no one paying any attention to that process.

Technically Promille SMS is a distance calculator. The user sends info about gender, weight, starting time of drinking and the number of drinks consumed. In Finland the unit term has been described in the marketing leaflets of Promille and in Internet. There are also two other versions of Promille: a java program that runs independently in the phone itself and the Internet version, which can be used in those newer phones which have a web surfing connectivity.

The author developed Promille SMS at the A-Clinic Foundation. The program was launched in 2000. The Finnish Slot Machine Association and the Prevnet EU activities financed the development work. The use has been very active, even if user numbers are greatly dependent on marketing efforts and media coverage.

Promille programs are distributed also though Prevnet EU network. The Prague treatment centre Sananim started a similar service with minor modification in Czech Republic in 2005.”Promile sms” has been a great success also in Czech.

More information:

Peltoniemi, Teuvo: Experiences and perspectives in using telematic prevention on sensitive health issues. In: Latifi (ed.): Establishing telemedicine in developing countries. IOS Press. Amsterdam 2004.

Kubu, Pavel & Peltoniemi, Teuvo & Trnka, Pavel: Localization of SMS tool for alcohol abuse prevention. 10th World Congress Internet in Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, 4-7 December 2005.

www.promille.fi - www.promilesms.cz - www.prevnet.net

22 – a.: An evaluation of two virtual learning environments to develop listening skills

Mr. Eric Youn, Assistant Professor

University of Hawaii at Manoa, U.S.A.

Mr. Juan Enrique Huerta Wong, PhD Student

Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Prof. Dick Schoech, Dulak Professor

University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, U.S.A.

Summary: An English and Spanish version of a multimedia virtual learning environments for teaching clinical listening skills were built. One was tested in Texas using social work students; the other in Mexico using psychology students. Preliminary results on the effectiveness of both to teach listening skills will be reported.

Abstract: Virtual environments for learning (VELs) are computer and Internet-based system that facilitates the management and delivery of educational content for instructors and learners (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_learning_environment). This proposal presents two multimedia virtual learning environments that assessed the potential of developing clinical listening skills in Social Work and Psychology students. The VELs were based in Kolb’s experiential learning theory and constructivism. One learning environment was built in English; the other one in Spanish. One was tested in Texas, the other in Mexico. Preliminary results on the effectiveness of both VELs to teach listening skills will be reported.

The first study assessed changes in knowledge of clinical skills, produced by exposure to a web-based VEL clinical skills environment. The results of the study conducted on 118 social work students (BSW, MSW, & PhD) showed significant changes in knowledge after exposure to the online environment within the primary analysis of the study. Several other sub-hypotheses based on Kolb’s theory, however, were not supported. Results showed a weak and non-significant relationship between students’ use of a variety of multimedia options and a gain in their ability to recognize listening skills. Completing all 4 phases of Kolb’s experiential learning framework was also found to have a weak and non-significant effect on ability to recognize listening skills. Finally it was found that attitude towards technology was not correlated with an increase in knowledge of clinical skills. The results imply that online environments may be effective for the teaching of clinical skills content. However, a more in depth analysis of theoretically based educational frameworks is needed to determine what multimedia options and delivery order are most effective. The second study hypothesized that a VEL based on Kolb’s cycle would work better than one based on exposure plus discussions as a didactic approach, and that a VEL worked better than a traditional F2F approach. These hypotheses were tested in 112 Social Work and Psychology bachelor students in Mexico. This study is still underway and will have preliminary results in time for HUSITA8.

22 – b.: The Internet Virtual Video Classroom: Description, Features, and Applications

Prof. Dick Schoech, Dulak Professor

University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, U.S.A.

Dr. Jo Ann Coe Regan, Assistant Professor-Distance Education Program

University of Hawaii at Manoa, U.S.A.

Dr. Andrew Quinn, Assistant Professor

University of North Dakota, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation focuses on the use of the Internet virtual video classroom to deliver educational content on-line. Descriptions of the technology, along with live demonstrations, will be used to illustrate how the Internet Virtual Video Classroom can be used to educate students world wide.

Abstract: Two-way Internet video is one of the most important educational medium in recent years because the instructor can use traditional face-to-face teaching methods in place of, or addition to, asynchronous deliveries such as audio and video tapes or CD/DVD, discussion forums, and email. Commercial distance education applications expand Internet video by including features such as shared whiteboards, documents, presentations, instant polling, text chat, and sidebar chat. These features, in concert with two-way video, are forming the foundation of an Internet virtual video classroom (IVVC) that can mimic not only the traditional face-to-face classroom but also today’s technology enhanced classrooms. This presentation will illustrate IVVC features with two presenters at HUSITA8 and one presenter at a distance using the IVVC, Macromedia Breeze. Key activities of an IVVC such as instructor-student/student-to-student communications, sharing of documents, classroom discussion, student presentations, and group oriented work will be demonstrated. The authors will highlight the discussion of the IVVC using their online teaching experiences using packages such as Breeze, Elluminate, Webex, and Paltalk. A focus of the presentation is on how this technology can be utilized in remote areas where traditional distance education technology (i.e. Interactive TV, video-conferencing, satellites) may not exist. The authors will share their IVVC experiences with populations living in remote areas limited by weather and distance as well as island communities limited by transportation access and ocean barriers. Implications for utilizing the IVVC will also be discussed particularly on how this technology can be used for distance education with hard-to-reach populations due to culture (written English), geography, and distance education technology access.

22 – c.: Utilizing Multimedia and Web-Based Technologies for Teaching About Issues of Diversity and Racism

Dr. Jo Ann Coe Regan, Assistant Professor-Distance Education Program

University of Hawaii at Manoa, U.S.A.

Dr. Michael Berghoef, Associate Professor of Social Work

Ferris State University, U.S.A.

Summary: This presentation focuses on the use of multimedia and Web-based technologies to deliver educational content regarding issues of diversity and racism. Descriptions of the technology, along with live demonstrations, will be used to illustrate how these technologies can be used to support students’ critical thinking skills on diversity and racism.

Abstract: This workshop will focus on how two educators utilized multimedia and Web-based technologies in their courses to support students’ critical thinking skills on diversity and racism issues. Descriptions of the technology and live demonstrations of the teaching and learning activities will be used to train participants on how these technologies can be used to teach about diversity and racism. The first example will focus on classroom strategies utilizing the multifaceted Jim Crow Museum learning lab to equip students to understand and confront historical and current racism. Selected artifacts from the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia will be displayed, the online virtual version of the museum (www.ferris.edu/jimcrow) will be demonstrated, and clips from the award-winning documentary “Jim Crow’s Museum” will be shown. Thought provoking exercises will be demonstrated that deepen awareness of the roots and persistence of racial caricatures and stereotypes in modern culture with the goals of equipping students with tools to become positive and assertive leaders in race relations.

The second example presented is an initiative focused on the indigenization of a social work curriculum for a new distance education program option developed for an indigenous population. Given the unique cultural heritage of this population, this initiative included teaching and learning activities that focused on researching and understanding Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander diversity issues. Students in the course developed projects in class that utilized digital media arts technology applications (i.e. use of video, movie-making with I-Movie, streaming video/audio on the web, and/or pod casting) to convey their research findings on diversity issues. These projects were disseminated on a public website that will be demonstrated in the presentation. The presenters will discuss how the creation of long-term scholarly and instructional projects that use multimedia and Web-based technologies can enhance communication and exchange on understanding diversity and racism issues.

References:

Bean, Annemarie, ed. (1996) Inside the Minstrel Mask: Readings in Nineteenth-Century Blackface Minstrelsy. Weslyan University Press.

Blumenfeld, P.C., Soloway, E., Marx, R.W., Krajcik, J.S., Guzdial, M. & Palincsar, A. (1991).  Motivating project-based learning:  Sustaining the doing, supporting the learning.  Educational Psychologist, 26 (3 & 4), 369-398.

Bogle, D. (1973) Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, & Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films, New York: Continuum.

Jewell, K. S. (1993) From Mammy to Miss America and Beyond: Cultural Images & the Shaping of US Social Policy London: Routledge.

Jim Crow Museum of Memorabilia Homepage http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/

Toll, Robert C, (1974) Blacking Up: The Minstrel show in Nineteenth-Century America, Oxford University Press.